__NUXT_JSONP__("/author/schieferdecker-david", (function(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z,_,$,aa,ab,ac,ad,ae,af,ag,ah,ai,aj,ak,al,am,an,ao,ap,aq,ar,as,at,au,av,aw,ax,ay,az,aA,aB,aC,aD,aE,aF,aG,aH,aI,aJ,aK,aL,aM,aN,aO,aP,aQ,aR,aS,aT,aU,aV,aW,aX,aY,aZ,a_,a$,ba,bb,bc,bd,be,bf,bg,bh,bi,bj,bk,bl,bm,bn,bo,bp,bq,br,bs,bt,bu,bv,bw,bx,by,bz,bA,bB,bC,bD,bE,bF,bG,bH,bI,bJ,bK,bL,bM,bN,bO,bP,bQ,bR,bS,bT,bU,bV,bW,bX,bY,bZ,b_,b$,ca,cb,cc,cd,ce,cf,cg,ch,ci,cj,ck,cl,cm,cn,co,cp,cq,cr,cs,ct,cu,cv,cw,cx,cy,cz,cA,cB,cC,cD,cE,cF,cG,cH,cI,cJ,cK,cL,cM,cN,cO,cP,cQ,cR,cS,cT,cU,cV,cW,cX,cY,cZ,c_,c$,da,db,dc,dd,de,df,dg,dh,di,dj,dk,dl,dm,dn,do0,dp,dq,dr,ds,dt,du,dv,dw,dx,dy,dz,dA,dB,dC,dD,dE,dF,dG,dH,dI,dJ,dK,dL,dM,dN,dO,dP,dQ,dR,dS,dT,dU,dV,dW,dX,dY,dZ,d_,d$,ea,eb,ec,ed,ee,ef,eg,eh,ei,ej,ek,el,em,en,eo,ep){return {data:[{socials:[],item:{slug:"schieferdecker-david",active:g,articles:[aY],exerpt:f,firstname:aZ,issue:[a_,"content\u002Fissues\u002FWPRN21 Proceedings.md"],language:[a$],lastname:ba,picture:f,picture_copyright:f,positions_and_institutions:[{institution:bb,positions:[]}],reference:f,social_channels:{google_scholar:f,instagram:f,linkedin:f,mendeley:f,orcid:f,researchgate:f,twitter:f,website:f,wikipedia:f},years:[J],toc:[],body:{type:bc,children:[]},dir:"\u002Fauthors\u002Fs",path:"\u002Fauthors\u002Fs\u002Fschieferdecker-david",extension:bd,createdAt:be,updatedAt:be},articles:[{slug:aY,abstract:"Research has suggested relatively low global levels of intent to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in the first months after the approval of the first generation of vaccines. Understanding the roots of vaccine hesitancy is crucial. We set to test the robustness of earlier studies on the role of risk perceptions, trust in health authorities, and socio-demographics. We ran a secondary analysis of a survey with a large number of Facebook users (n = 63,042) from 23 countries including some countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America that have been underrepresented in earlier work. Globally, risk perceptions, trust in health authorities, and various socio-demographics were associated with COVID-19 vaccination intentions. Trust in health authorities emerged as a particularly strong predictor of intent to get vaccinated in all 23 countries. Effects for risk perceptions were also relatively constant over countries, except for perceived control over the infection. The influence of socio-demographics varied with country context.",article_title:"Risk Perceptions, Trust in Health Authorities and Socio-Demographics Predict Intent to Get Vaccinated Against COVID-19: Evidence from 23 Countries",authors:[{firstname:"Ammina",lastname:"Kothari",picture:f,picture_copyright:f,reference:f,social_channels:{google_scholar:f,instagram:f,linkedin:f,mendeley:f,orcid:f,researchgate:f,twitter:f,website:f,wikipedia:f},positions_and_institutions:[{institution:"University of Rhode Island, USA",positions:[]}]},{firstname:"Gerit",lastname:$,picture:f,picture_copyright:f,reference:f,social_channels:{google_scholar:f,instagram:f,linkedin:f,mendeley:f,orcid:f,researchgate:f,twitter:f,website:f,wikipedia:f},positions_and_institutions:[{institution:"UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Norway",positions:[]}]},{firstname:"Stephanie",lastname:"Godleski",picture:f,picture_copyright:f,reference:f,social_channels:{google_scholar:f,instagram:f,linkedin:f,mendeley:f,orcid:f,researchgate:f,twitter:f,website:f,wikipedia:f},positions_and_institutions:[{institution:"Rochester Institute of Technology, USA",positions:[]}]},{firstname:aZ,lastname:ba,picture:f,picture_copyright:f,reference:f,social_channels:{google_scholar:f,instagram:f,linkedin:f,mendeley:f,orcid:f,researchgate:f,twitter:f,website:f,wikipedia:f},positions_and_institutions:[{institution:bb,positions:[]}]}],bibliography:[{"container-title":"Nature Human Behaviour",author:[{given:bf,family:"Amin"},{given:bg,family:"Bednarczyk"},{given:"C.E.",family:"Ray"},{given:bh,family:"Melchiori"},{given:C,family:"Graham"},{given:"J.R.",family:"Huntsinger"},{given:aa,family:au}],DOI:"10.1038\u002Fs41562-017-0256-5",type:o,id:bi,"citation-label":bi,issue:bj,issued:{"date-parts":[[bk]]},language:ab,page:"873-880",title:"Association of moral values with vaccine hesitancy",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F31024188\u002F",volume:A,_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:bl,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"amin_association_2017\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EAmin, A. B., Bednarczyk, R. A., Ray, C. E., Melchiori, K. J., Graham, J., Huntsinger, J. R., & Omer, S. B. (2017). Association of moral values with vaccine hesitancy. \u003Ci\u003ENature Human Behaviour\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, \u003Ci\u003E1\u003C\u002Fi\u003E(12), 873–880. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1038\u002Fs41562-017-0256-5\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1038\u002Fs41562-017-0256-5\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"amin_association_2017\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003EAmin AB, Bednarczyk RA, Ray CE, Melchiori KJ, Graham J, Huntsinger JR, et al. Association of moral values with vaccine hesitancy. Nature Human Behaviour [Internet]. 2017;1(12):873–80. Available from: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F31024188\u002F\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F31024188\u002F\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",harvard1:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"amin_association_2017\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EAmin, A.B. et al., 2017. Association of moral values with vaccine hesitancy. \u003Ci\u003ENature Human Behaviour\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, 1(12), pp.873–880. Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F31024188\u002F.\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F31024188\u002F.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"Amin, A. B., Bednarczyk, R. A., Ray, C. E., Melchiori, K. J., Graham, J., Huntsinger, J. R., & Omer, S. B. (2017). Association of moral values with vaccine hesitancy. Nature Human Behaviour, 1(12), 873–880. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1038\u002Fs41562-017-0256-5",link:g},{author:[{given:"J.S.S.",family:"Arce"},{given:"S.S.",family:"Warren"},{given:"N.F.",family:"Meriggi"},{given:E,family:"Scacco"},{given:F,family:"McMurry"},{given:s,family:"Voors"},{given:bm,family:"Mobarak"}],DOI:"10.1101\u002F2021.03.11.21253419",type:U,id:bn,"citation-label":bn,issued:{"date-parts":[[t]]},language:p,publisher:"medRxiv",title:"COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in low and middle income countries, and implications for messaging. medRxiv",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medrxiv.org\u002Fcontent\u002F10.1101\u002F2021.03.11.21253419v2",_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:bo,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"arce_covid-19_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EArce, J. S. S., Warren, S. S., Meriggi, N. F., Scacco, A., McMurry, N., Voors, M., & Mobarak, A. M. (2021). \u003Ci\u003ECOVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in low and middle income countries, and implications for messaging. medRxiv\u003C\u002Fi\u003E. medRxiv. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1101\u002F2021.03.11.21253419\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1101\u002F2021.03.11.21253419\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"arce_covid-19_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003EArce JSS, Warren SS, Meriggi NF, Scacco A, McMurry N, Voors M, et al. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in low and middle income countries, and implications for messaging. medRxiv [Internet]. medRxiv; 2021. Available from: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medrxiv.org\u002Fcontent\u002F10.1101\u002F2021.03.11.21253419v2\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.medrxiv.org\u002Fcontent\u002F10.1101\u002F2021.03.11.21253419v2\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",harvard1:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"arce_covid-19_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EArce, J.S.S. et al., 2021. \u003Ci\u003ECOVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in low and middle income countries, and implications for messaging. medRxiv\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, medRxiv. Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medrxiv.org\u002Fcontent\u002F10.1101\u002F2021.03.11.21253419v2.\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.medrxiv.org\u002Fcontent\u002F10.1101\u002F2021.03.11.21253419v2.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"Arce, J. S. S., Warren, S. S., Meriggi, N. F., Scacco, A., McMurry, N., Voors, M., & Mobarak, A. M. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in low and middle income countries, and implications for messaging. medRxiv. medRxiv. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1101\u002F2021.03.11.21253419",link:g},{"container-title":ac,author:[{given:G,family:"Attwell"},{given:"M.C.",family:"Navin"},{given:bp,family:"Lopalco"},{given:V,family:"Jestin"},{given:D,family:"Reiter"},{given:aa,family:au}],DOI:"10.1016\u002Fj.vaccine.2018.10.019",type:o,id:bq,"citation-label":bq,issue:"48",issued:{"date-parts":[[br]]},language:p,page:"7377-7384",title:"Recent vaccine mandates in the United States, Europe and Australia: a comparative study",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F30337171\u002F",volume:"36",_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:av,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"attwell_recent_2018\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EAttwell, K., Navin, M. C., Lopalco, P. L., Jestin, C., Reiter, S., & Omer, S. B. (2018). Recent vaccine mandates in the United States, Europe and Australia: a comparative study. \u003Ci\u003EVaccine\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, \u003Ci\u003E36\u003C\u002Fi\u003E(48), 7377–7384. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.vaccine.2018.10.019\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.vaccine.2018.10.019\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"attwell_recent_2018\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003EAttwell K, Navin MC, Lopalco PL, Jestin C, Reiter S, Omer SB. Recent vaccine mandates in the United States, Europe and Australia: a comparative study. Vaccine [Internet]. 2018;36(48):7377–84. Available from: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F30337171\u002F\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F30337171\u002F\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",harvard1:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"attwell_recent_2018\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EAttwell, K. et al., 2018. Recent vaccine mandates in the United States, Europe and Australia: a comparative study. \u003Ci\u003EVaccine\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, 36(48), pp.7377–7384. Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F30337171\u002F.\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F30337171\u002F.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"Attwell, K., Navin, M. C., Lopalco, P. L., Jestin, C., Reiter, S., & Omer, S. B. (2018). Recent vaccine mandates in the United States, Europe and Australia: a comparative study. Vaccine, 36(48), 7377–7384. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.vaccine.2018.10.019",link:g},{"container-title":"Vaccines",author:[{given:s,family:"Biswas"},{given:"M.S.",family:"Alzubaidi"},{given:"U.",family:bs},{given:aw,family:"Abd-Alrazaq"},{given:bt,family:bs}],DOI:"10.3390\u002Fvaccines9111243",type:o,id:bu,"citation-label":bu,issued:{"date-parts":[[t]]},language:p,title:"A Scoping Review to Find Out Worldwide COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Its Underlying Determinants",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fvaccines9111243",_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:ax,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"biswas_scoping_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EBiswas, M., Alzubaidi, M. S., Shah, U., Abd-Alrazaq, A. A., & Shah, Z. (2021). A Scoping Review to Find Out Worldwide COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Its Underlying Determinants. \u003Ci\u003EVaccines\u003C\u002Fi\u003E. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fvaccines9111243\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fvaccines9111243\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"biswas_scoping_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003EBiswas M, Alzubaidi MS, Shah U, Abd-Alrazaq AA, Shah Z. A Scoping Review to Find Out Worldwide COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Its Underlying Determinants. Vaccines [Internet]. 2021; Available from: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fvaccines9111243\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fvaccines9111243\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",harvard1:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"biswas_scoping_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EBiswas, M. et al., 2021. A Scoping Review to Find Out Worldwide COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Its Underlying Determinants. \u003Ci\u003EVaccines\u003C\u002Fi\u003E. Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fvaccines9111243.\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fvaccines9111243.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"Biswas, M., Alzubaidi, M. S., Shah, U., Abd-Alrazaq, A. A., & Shah, Z. (2021). A Scoping Review to Find Out Worldwide COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Its Underlying Determinants. Vaccines. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fvaccines9111243",link:g},{"container-title":"Health Psychology",author:[{given:"N.T.",family:"Brewer"},{given:"G.B.",family:bv},{given:"F.X.",family:"Gibbons"},{given:s,family:"Gerrard"},{given:"K.D.",family:"McCaul"},{given:"N.D.",family:"Weinstein"}],DOI:"10.1037\u002F0278-6133.26.2.136",type:o,id:bw,"citation-label":bw,issue:P,issued:{"date-parts":[[bx]]},language:p,page:"136-145",title:"Meta-analysis of the relationship between risk perception and health behavior: the example of vaccination",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F17385964\u002F",volume:by,_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:ay,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"brewer_meta-analysis_2007\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EBrewer, N. T., Chapman, G. B., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., McCaul, K. D., & Weinstein, N. D. (2007). Meta-analysis of the relationship between risk perception and health behavior: the example of vaccination. \u003Ci\u003EHealth Psychology\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, \u003Ci\u003E26\u003C\u002Fi\u003E(2), 136–145. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1037\u002F0278-6133.26.2.136\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1037\u002F0278-6133.26.2.136\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"brewer_meta-analysis_2007\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003EBrewer NT, Chapman GB, Gibbons FX, Gerrard M, McCaul KD, Weinstein ND. Meta-analysis of the relationship between risk perception and health behavior: the example of vaccination. Health Psychology [Internet]. 2007;26(2):136–45. Available from: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F17385964\u002F\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F17385964\u002F\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",harvard1:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"brewer_meta-analysis_2007\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EBrewer, N.T. et al., 2007. Meta-analysis of the relationship between risk perception and health behavior: the example of vaccination. \u003Ci\u003EHealth Psychology\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, 26(2), pp.136–145. Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F17385964\u002F.\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F17385964\u002F.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"Brewer, N. T., Chapman, G. B., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., McCaul, K. D., & Weinstein, N. D. (2007). Meta-analysis of the relationship between risk perception and health behavior: the example of vaccination. Health Psychology, 26(2), 136–145. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1037\u002F0278-6133.26.2.136",link:g},{"container-title":"Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine: An Open Access Journal",author:[{given:"R.K.",family:"Britt"},{given:"K.N.",family:"Hatten"},{given:"S.O.",family:"Chappuis"}],DOI:"10.1080\u002F21642850.2013.869175",type:o,id:bz,"citation-label":bz,issue:A,issued:{"date-parts":[[ad]]},language:p,page:"52-65",title:"Perceived behavioral control, intention to get vaccinated, and usage of online information about the human papillomavirus vaccine",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1080\u002F21642850.2013.869175",volume:P,_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:bA,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"britt_perceived_2014\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EBritt, R. K., Hatten, K. N., & Chappuis, S. O. (2014). Perceived behavioral control, intention to get vaccinated, and usage of online information about the human papillomavirus vaccine. \u003Ci\u003EHealth Psychology and Behavioral Medicine: An Open Access Journal\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, \u003Ci\u003E2\u003C\u002Fi\u003E(1), 52–65. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F21642850.2013.869175\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F21642850.2013.869175\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"britt_perceived_2014\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003EBritt RK, Hatten KN, Chappuis SO. Perceived behavioral control, intention to get vaccinated, and usage of online information about the human papillomavirus vaccine. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine: An Open Access Journal [Internet]. 2014;2(1):52–65. Available from: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1080\u002F21642850.2013.869175\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1080\u002F21642850.2013.869175\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",harvard1:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"britt_perceived_2014\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EBritt, R.K., Hatten, K.N. & Chappuis, S.O., 2014. Perceived behavioral control, intention to get vaccinated, and usage of online information about the human papillomavirus vaccine. \u003Ci\u003EHealth Psychology and Behavioral Medicine: An Open Access Journal\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, 2(1), pp.52–65. Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1080\u002F21642850.2013.869175.\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1080\u002F21642850.2013.869175.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"Britt, R. K., Hatten, K. N., & Chappuis, S. O. (2014). Perceived behavioral control, intention to get vaccinated, and usage of online information about the human papillomavirus vaccine. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine: An Open Access Journal, 2(1), 52–65. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F21642850.2013.869175",link:g},{"container-title":"PLoS One",author:[{given:s,family:"Browne"},{given:K,family:"Thomson"},{given:ae,family:"Rockloff"},{given:B,family:"Pennycook"}],DOI:"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0132562",type:o,id:bB,"citation-label":bB,issued:{"date-parts":[[af]]},language:p,title:"Going against the herd: psychological and cultural factors underlying the ‘vaccination confidence gap’",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.plos.org\u002Fplosone\u002Farticle?id=10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0132562",_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:bC,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"browne_going_2015\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EBrowne, M., Thomson, P., Rockloff, M. J., & Pennycook, G. (2015). 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(2011). Seasonal influenza vaccination predicts pandemic H1N1 vaccination uptake among healthcare workers in three countries. Vaccine, 29(43), 7364–7369. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.vaccine.2011.07.079",link:g},{"container-title":"Innovations in Pharmacy",author:[{given:bf,family:"Coe"},{given:aa,family:"Gatewood"},{given:"L.R.",family:"Moczygemba"}],DOI:"10.24926\u002Fiip.v3i2.257",type:o,id:bG,"citation-label":bG,issued:{"date-parts":[[2012]]},language:p,title:"The use of the health belief model to assess predictors of intent to receive the novel",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.24926\u002Fiip.v3i2.257",_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:bH,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"coe_use_2012\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003ECoe, A. B., Gatewood, S. B., & Moczygemba, L. R. (2012). 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G., Mizrachi, M., Zigron, A., & Sela, E. (2020). Vaccine hesitancy: the next challenge in the fight against COVID-19. European Journal of Epidemiology, 35(8), 775–779. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10654-020-00671-y",link:g},{"container-title":bM,author:[{given:E,family:"Fridman"},{given:L,family:"Gershon"},{given:E,family:"Gneezy"}],DOI:"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0250123",type:o,id:bN,"citation-label":bN,issued:{"date-parts":[[t]]},language:bO,title:"COVID-19 and vaccine hesitancy: A longitudinal study",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.plos.org\u002Fplosone\u002Farticle?id=10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0250123",_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:az,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"fridman_covid-19_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EFridman, A., Gershon, R., & Gneezy, A. (2021). 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A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Nature Medicine, 27(2), 225–228. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fs41591-020-1124-9",link:g},{"container-title":ac,author:[{given:cg,family:bV}],DOI:"10.1016\u002Fj.vaccine.2015.04.036",type:o,id:ch,"citation-label":ch,issue:"34",issued:{"date-parts":[[af]]},language:ab,page:"4161-4164",title:"Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0264410X15005009",volume:bS,_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:Y,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"macdonald_vaccine_2015\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EMacDonald, N. E. (2015). Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. \u003Ci\u003EVaccine\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, \u003Ci\u003E33\u003C\u002Fi\u003E(34), 4161–4164. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.vaccine.2015.04.036\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.vaccine.2015.04.036\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"macdonald_vaccine_2015\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003EMacDonald NE. Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine [Internet]. 2015;33(34):4161–4. Available from: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0264410X15005009\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0264410X15005009\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",harvard1:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"macdonald_vaccine_2015\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EMacDonald, N.E., 2015. Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. \u003Ci\u003EVaccine\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, 33(34), pp.4161–4164. Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0264410X15005009.\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0264410X15005009.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"MacDonald, N. E. (2015). Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine, 33(34), 4161–4164. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.vaccine.2015.04.036",link:g},{"container-title":"EClinicalMedicine",author:[{given:aw,family:"Malik"},{given:ci,family:"McFadden"},{given:C,family:"Elharake"},{given:aa,family:au}],DOI:"10.1016\u002Fj.eclinm.2020.100495",type:o,id:cj,"citation-label":cj,issued:{"date-parts":[[v]]},language:ab,title:"Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the US",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.eclinm.2020.100495",_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:aB,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"malik_determinants_2020\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EMalik, A. A., McFadden, S. M., Elharake, J., & Omer, S. B. (2020). Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the US. \u003Ci\u003EEClinicalMedicine\u003C\u002Fi\u003E. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.eclinm.2020.100495\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.eclinm.2020.100495\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"malik_determinants_2020\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003EMalik AA, McFadden SM, Elharake J, Omer SB. Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the US. EClinicalMedicine [Internet]. 2020; Available from: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.eclinm.2020.100495\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.eclinm.2020.100495\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",harvard1:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"malik_determinants_2020\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EMalik, A.A. et al., 2020. Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the US. \u003Ci\u003EEClinicalMedicine\u003C\u002Fi\u003E. Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.eclinm.2020.100495.\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.eclinm.2020.100495.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"Malik, A. A., McFadden, S. M., Elharake, J., & Omer, S. B. (2020). Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the US. EClinicalMedicine. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.eclinm.2020.100495",link:g},{"container-title":ck,author:[{given:ae,family:cl},{given:F,family:cm},{given:F,family:cn},{given:ai,family:co},{given:bg,family:"Silva-Sobrinho"},{given:G,family:cp},{given:B,family:$}],DOI:"10.1098\u002Frsos.200644",type:o,id:cq,"citation-label":cq,issued:{"date-parts":[[v]]},language:p,title:"Perceived efficacy of COVID-19 restrictions, reactions and their impact on mental health during the early phase of the outbreak in six countries",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Froyalsocietypublishing.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1098\u002Frsos.200644",_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:cr,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"maekelae_perceived_2020\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EMækelæ, M. J., Reggev, N., Dutra, N., Tamayo, R. M., Silva-Sobrinho, R. A., Klevjer, K., & Pfuhl, G. (2020). Perceived efficacy of COVID-19 restrictions, reactions and their impact on mental health during the early phase of the outbreak in six countries. \u003Ci\u003ERoyal Society Open Science\u003C\u002Fi\u003E. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1098\u002Frsos.200644\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1098\u002Frsos.200644\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"maekelae_perceived_2020\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003EMækelæ MJ, Reggev N, Dutra N, Tamayo RM, Silva-Sobrinho RA, Klevjer K, et al. Perceived efficacy of COVID-19 restrictions, reactions and their impact on mental health during the early phase of the outbreak in six countries. 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Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Froyalsocietypublishing.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1098\u002Frsos.200644.\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Froyalsocietypublishing.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1098\u002Frsos.200644.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"Mækelæ, M. J., Reggev, N., Dutra, N., Tamayo, R. M., Silva-Sobrinho, R. A., Klevjer, K., & Pfuhl, G. (2020). Perceived efficacy of COVID-19 restrictions, reactions and their impact on mental health during the early phase of the outbreak in six countries. Royal Society Open Science. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1098\u002Frsos.200644",link:g},{"container-title":"Frontiers in Psychology",author:[{given:ae,family:cl},{given:F,family:cm},{given:cs,family:"Defelipe"},{given:F,family:cn},{given:ai,family:co},{given:G,family:cp},{given:B,family:$}],DOI:"10.3389\u002Ffpsyg.2021.661149",type:o,id:ct,"citation-label":ct,issued:{"date-parts":[[t]]},language:p,title:"Identifying resilience factors of distress and paranoia during the COVID-19 outbreak in five countries",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3389\u002Ffpsyg.2021.661149",_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:cu,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"maekelae_identifying_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EMækelæ, M. J., Reggev, N., Defelipe, R. P., Dutra, N., Tamayo, R. M., Klevjer, K., & Pfuhl, G. (2021). 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Identifying resilience factors of distress and paranoia during the COVID-19 outbreak in five countries. Frontiers in Psychology. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3389\u002Ffpsyg.2021.661149",link:g},{"publisher-place":"London",author:[{given:s,family:"Mills"},{given:V,family:"Rahal"},{given:Q,family:"Brazel"},{given:C,family:"Yan"},{given:D,family:"Gieysztor"}],type:U,id:cv,"citation-label":cv,issued:{"date-parts":[[v]]},language:p,publisher:"The Royal Society & The British Academy",title:"COVID-19 vaccine deployment: Behaviour, ethics, misinformation and policy strategies",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Froyalsociety.org\u002F-\u002Fmedia\u002Fpolicy\u002Fprojects\u002Fset-c\u002Fset-c-vaccine-deployment.pdf",_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:aj,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"mills_covid-19_2020\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EMills, M., Rahal, C., Brazel, D., Yan, J., & Gieysztor, S. (2020). \u003Ci\u003ECOVID-19 vaccine deployment: Behaviour, ethics, misinformation and policy strategies\u003C\u002Fi\u003E. The Royal Society & The British Academy. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Froyalsociety.org\u002F-\u002Fmedia\u002Fpolicy\u002Fprojects\u002Fset-c\u002Fset-c-vaccine-deployment.pdf\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Froyalsociety.org\u002F-\u002Fmedia\u002Fpolicy\u002Fprojects\u002Fset-c\u002Fset-c-vaccine-deployment.pdf\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"mills_covid-19_2020\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003EMills M, Rahal C, Brazel D, Yan J, Gieysztor S. COVID-19 vaccine deployment: Behaviour, ethics, misinformation and policy strategies [Internet]. London: The Royal Society & The British Academy; 2020. 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Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Froyalsociety.org\u002F-\u002Fmedia\u002Fpolicy\u002Fprojects\u002Fset-c\u002Fset-c-vaccine-deployment.pdf.\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Froyalsociety.org\u002F-\u002Fmedia\u002Fpolicy\u002Fprojects\u002Fset-c\u002Fset-c-vaccine-deployment.pdf.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"Mills, M., Rahal, C., Brazel, D., Yan, J., & Gieysztor, S. (2020). COVID-19 vaccine deployment: Behaviour, ethics, misinformation and policy strategies. The Royal Society & The British Academy. https:\u002F\u002Froyalsociety.org\u002F-\u002Fmedia\u002Fpolicy\u002Fprojects\u002Fset-c\u002Fset-c-vaccine-deployment.pdf",link:g},{"container-title":"Human Resource Development International",author:[{given:Q,family:"McGuire"},{given:aA,family:"Cunningham"},{given:G,family:"Reynolds"},{given:B,family:"Matthews-Smith"}],DOI:"10.1080\u002F13678868.2020.1779543",type:o,id:cw,"citation-label":cw,issue:cx,issued:{"date-parts":[[v]]},language:p,page:"361-379",title:"Beating the virus: an examination of the crisis communication approach taken by New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern during the Covid-19 pandemic",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1080\u002F13678868.2020.1779543",volume:cy,_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:cz,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"mcguire_beating_2020\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EMcGuire, D., Cunningham, J. E., Reynolds, K., & Matthews-Smith, G. (2020). Beating the virus: an examination of the crisis communication approach taken by New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern during the Covid-19 pandemic. \u003Ci\u003EHuman Resource Development International\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, \u003Ci\u003E23\u003C\u002Fi\u003E(4), 361–379. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F13678868.2020.1779543\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F13678868.2020.1779543\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"mcguire_beating_2020\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003EMcGuire D, Cunningham JE, Reynolds K, Matthews-Smith G. 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Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1080\u002F13678868.2020.1779543.\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1080\u002F13678868.2020.1779543.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"McGuire, D., Cunningham, J. E., Reynolds, K., & Matthews-Smith, G. (2020). Beating the virus: an examination of the crisis communication approach taken by New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern during the Covid-19 pandemic. Human Resource Development International, 23(4), 361–379. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F13678868.2020.1779543",link:g},{"container-title":"Nature Communications",author:[{given:C,family:"Murphy"},{given:aC,family:"Vallières"},{given:cs,family:"Bentall"},{given:s,family:"Shevlin"},{given:cA,family:"McBride"},{given:"T.K.",family:"Hartman"},{given:K,family:"Hyland"}],DOI:"10.1038\u002Fs41467-020-20226-9",type:o,id:cB,"citation-label":cB,issue:A,issued:{"date-parts":[[t]]},language:p,page:"1-15",title:"Psychological characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in Ireland and the United Kingdom",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fs41467-020-20226-9",volume:bj,_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:ak,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"murphy_psychological_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EMurphy, J., Vallières, F., Bentall, R. P., Shevlin, M., McBride, O., Hartman, T. K., & Hyland, P. (2021). Psychological characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in Ireland and the United Kingdom. \u003Ci\u003ENature Communications\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, \u003Ci\u003E12\u003C\u002Fi\u003E(1), 1–15. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1038\u002Fs41467-020-20226-9\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1038\u002Fs41467-020-20226-9\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"murphy_psychological_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003EMurphy J, Vallières F, Bentall RP, Shevlin M, McBride O, Hartman TK, et al. Psychological characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in Ireland and the United Kingdom. Nature Communications [Internet]. 2021;12(1):1–15. Available from: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fs41467-020-20226-9\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fs41467-020-20226-9\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",harvard1:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"murphy_psychological_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EMurphy, J. et al., 2021. Psychological characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in Ireland and the United Kingdom. \u003Ci\u003ENature Communications\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, 12(1), pp.1–15. Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fs41467-020-20226-9.\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fs41467-020-20226-9.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"Murphy, J., Vallières, F., Bentall, R. P., Shevlin, M., McBride, O., Hartman, T. K., & Hyland, P. (2021). Psychological characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in Ireland and the United Kingdom. Nature Communications, 12(1), 1–15. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1038\u002Fs41467-020-20226-9",link:g},{"container-title":"The European Journal of Health Economics",author:[{given:D,family:"Neumann-Böhme"},{given:cg,family:"Varghese"},{given:bD,family:"Sabat"},{given:"P.P.",family:"Barros"},{given:cC,family:"Brouwer"},{given:C,family:"Exel"},{given:ah,family:"Stargardt"}],DOI:"10.1007\u002Fs10198-020-01208-6",type:o,id:cD,"citation-label":cD,issued:{"date-parts":[[v]]},language:p,page:cE,title:"Once we have it, will we use it? A European survey on willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10198-020-01208-6",_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:al,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"neumann-bohme_once_2020\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003ENeumann-Böhme, S., Varghese, N. E., Sabat, I., Barros, P. P., Brouwer, W., Exel, J., & Stargardt, T. (2020). Once we have it, will we use it? A European survey on willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. \u003Ci\u003EThe European Journal of Health Economics\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, 1–6. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10198-020-01208-6\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10198-020-01208-6\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"neumann-bohme_once_2020\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003ENeumann-Böhme S, Varghese NE, Sabat I, Barros PP, Brouwer W, Exel J, et al. Once we have it, will we use it? A European survey on willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. The European Journal of Health Economics [Internet]. 2020;1–6. 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E., Sabat, I., Barros, P. P., Brouwer, W., Exel, J., & Stargardt, T. (2020). Once we have it, will we use it? A European survey on willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. 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Mistrust in biomedical research and vaccine hesitancy: the forefront challenge in the battle against COVID-19 in Italy. \u003Ci\u003EEuropean Journal of Epidemiology\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, \u003Ci\u003E35\u003C\u002Fi\u003E(8), 785–788. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10654-020-00675-8\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10654-020-00675-8\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"palamenghi_mistrust_2020\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003EPalamenghi L, Barello S, Boccia S, Graffigna G. Mistrust in biomedical research and vaccine hesitancy: the forefront challenge in the battle against COVID-19 in Italy. European Journal of Epidemiology [Internet]. 2020;35(8):785–8. 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European Journal of Epidemiology, 35(8), 785–788. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10654-020-00675-8",link:g},{"container-title":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications",author:[{given:cC,family:"Pearce"}],DOI:"10.1057\u002Fs41599-020-00612-w",type:o,id:cG,"citation-label":cG,issue:A,issued:{"date-parts":[[v]]},language:p,page:cE,title:"Trouble in the trough: how uncertainties were downplayed in the UK’s science advice on Covid-19",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fs41599-020-00612-w",volume:"7",_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:cH,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"pearce_trouble_2020\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EPearce, W. (2020). 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Available from: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fs41599-020-00612-w\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fs41599-020-00612-w\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",harvard1:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"pearce_trouble_2020\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EPearce, W., 2020. Trouble in the trough: how uncertainties were downplayed in the UK’s science advice on Covid-19. \u003Ci\u003EHumanities and Social Sciences Communications\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, 7(1), pp.1–6. Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fs41599-020-00612-w.\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fs41599-020-00612-w.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"Pearce, W. (2020). Trouble in the trough: how uncertainties were downplayed in the UK’s science advice on Covid-19. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 7(1), 1–6. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1057\u002Fs41599-020-00612-w",link:g},{"container-title":"Journal of Risk Research",author:[{given:L,family:"Piltch-Loeb"},{given:Q,family:"Abramson"}],DOI:"10.1080\u002F13669877.2020.1819388",type:o,id:cI,"citation-label":cI,issue:"7-8",issued:{"date-parts":[[v]]},language:p,page:"978-993",title:"From information to intervention: connecting risk communication to individual health behavior and community-level health interventions during the 2016 Zika outbreak",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1080\u002F13669877.2020.1819388",volume:cy,_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:cJ,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"piltch-loeb_information_2020\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EPiltch-Loeb, R., & Abramson, D. (2020). From information to intervention: connecting risk communication to individual health behavior and community-level health interventions during the 2016 Zika outbreak. \u003Ci\u003EJournal of Risk Research\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, \u003Ci\u003E23\u003C\u002Fi\u003E(7–8), 978–993. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F13669877.2020.1819388\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F13669877.2020.1819388\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"piltch-loeb_information_2020\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003EPiltch-Loeb R, Abramson D. From information to intervention: connecting risk communication to individual health behavior and community-level health interventions during the 2016 Zika outbreak. 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Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1080\u002F13669877.2020.1819388.\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1080\u002F13669877.2020.1819388.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"Piltch-Loeb, R., & Abramson, D. (2020). From information to intervention: connecting risk communication to individual health behavior and community-level health interventions during the 2016 Zika outbreak. Journal of Risk Research, 23(7–8), 978–993. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F13669877.2020.1819388",link:g},{"container-title":"Psychology, Health and Medicine",author:[{given:F,family:"Plohl"},{given:cK,family:"Musil"}],DOI:"10.1080\u002F13548506.2020.1772988",type:o,id:cL,"citation-label":cL,issue:A,issued:{"date-parts":[[t]]},language:p,page:"1-12",title:"Modeling compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines: The critical role of trust in science",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1080\u002F13548506.2020.1772988",volume:by,_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:am,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"plohl_modeling_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EPlohl, N., & Musil, B. (2021). 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Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1080\u002F13548506.2020.1772988.\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1080\u002F13548506.2020.1772988.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"Plohl, N., & Musil, B. (2021). Modeling compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines: The critical role of trust in science. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 26(1), 1–12. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F13548506.2020.1772988",link:g},{"container-title":"Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine",author:[{given:aC,family:"Porzsolt"},{given:B,family:$},{given:ai,family:"Kaplan"},{given:s,family:"Eisemann"}],DOI:"10.1080\u002F21642850.2021.1979407",type:o,id:cM,"citation-label":cM,issue:A,issued:{"date-parts":[[t]]},language:ab,page:"818-829",title:"Covid-19 pandemic lessons: uncritical communication of test results can induce more harm than benefit and raises questions on standardized quality criteria for communication and liability",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1080\u002F21642850.2021.1979407?tab=permissions&scroll=top",volume:"9",_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:cN,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"porzsolt_covid-19_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EPorzsolt, F., Pfuhl, G., Kaplan, R. M., & Eisemann, M. (2021). Covid-19 pandemic lessons: uncritical communication of test results can induce more harm than benefit and raises questions on standardized quality criteria for communication and liability. \u003Ci\u003EHealth Psychology and Behavioral Medicine\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, \u003Ci\u003E9\u003C\u002Fi\u003E(1), 818–829. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F21642850.2021.1979407\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F21642850.2021.1979407\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"porzsolt_covid-19_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003EPorzsolt F, Pfuhl G, Kaplan RM, Eisemann M. Covid-19 pandemic lessons: uncritical communication of test results can induce more harm than benefit and raises questions on standardized quality criteria for communication and liability. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine [Internet]. 2021;9(1):818–29. Available from: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1080\u002F21642850.2021.1979407?tab=permissions&scroll=top\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1080\u002F21642850.2021.1979407?tab=permissions&scroll=top\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",harvard1:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"porzsolt_covid-19_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EPorzsolt, F. et al., 2021. Covid-19 pandemic lessons: uncritical communication of test results can induce more harm than benefit and raises questions on standardized quality criteria for communication and liability. \u003Ci\u003EHealth Psychology and Behavioral Medicine\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, 9(1), pp.818–829. Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1080\u002F21642850.2021.1979407?tab=permissions&scroll=top.\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1080\u002F21642850.2021.1979407?tab=permissions&scroll=top.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"Porzsolt, F., Pfuhl, G., Kaplan, R. M., & Eisemann, M. (2021). Covid-19 pandemic lessons: uncritical communication of test results can induce more harm than benefit and raises questions on standardized quality criteria for communication and liability. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 9(1), 818–829. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F21642850.2021.1979407",link:g},{"container-title":"Journal of Public Economics",author:[{given:V,family:"Rafkin"},{given:E,family:"Shreekumar"},{given:bp,family:"Vautrey"}],DOI:"10.1016\u002Fj.jpubeco.2020.104319",type:o,id:cO,"citation-label":cO,issued:{"date-parts":[[t]]},language:p,title:"When guidance changes: Government stances and public beliefs",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jpubeco.2020.104319",_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:cP,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"rafkin_when_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003ERafkin, C., Shreekumar, A., & Vautrey, P. L. (2021). When guidance changes: Government stances and public beliefs. \u003Ci\u003EJournal of Public Economics\u003C\u002Fi\u003E. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jpubeco.2020.104319\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jpubeco.2020.104319\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"rafkin_when_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003ERafkin C, Shreekumar A, Vautrey PL. When guidance changes: Government stances and public beliefs. 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Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the UK household longitudinal study. \u003Ci\u003EBrain, Behavior, and Immunity\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, \u003Ci\u003E94\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, 41–50. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.bbi.2021.03.008\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.bbi.2021.03.008\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"robertson_predictors_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003ERobertson E, Reeve KS, Niedzwiedz CL, Moore J, Blake M, Green M, et al. Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the UK household longitudinal study. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity [Internet]. 2021;94:41–50. 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M., Leigh, J. P., Marshall, J., Adhikari, N. K. J., Fiest, K., Fowler, R., Lamontagne, F., & Sevransky, J. E. (2020). Misinformation during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: How knowledge emerges from noise. \u003Ci\u003ECritical Care Explorations\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, \u003Ci\u003E2\u003C\u002Fi\u003E(4). \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1097\u002FCCE.0000000000000098\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1097\u002FCCE.0000000000000098\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"rochwerg_misinformation_2020\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003ERochwerg B, Parke R, Murthy S, Fernando SM, Leigh JP, Marshall J, et al. Misinformation during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: How knowledge emerges from noise. 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COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy worldwide: a systematic review of vaccine acceptance rates. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fvaccines9020160",link:g},{"container-title":bM,author:[{given:K,family:"Schmid"},{given:Q,family:"Rauber"},{given:V,family:cW},{given:B,family:"Lidolt"},{given:"M.L.",family:"Denker"}],DOI:"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0170550",type:o,id:cX,"citation-label":cX,issued:{"date-parts":[[bk]]},language:bO,title:"Barriers of influenza vaccination intention and behavior–a systematic review of influenza vaccine hesitancy, 2005–2016",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0170550",_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:cY,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"schmid_barriers_2017\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003ESchmid, P., Rauber, D., Betsch, C., Lidolt, G., & Denker, M. L. (2017). Barriers of influenza vaccination intention and behavior–a systematic review of influenza vaccine hesitancy, 2005–2016. \u003Ci\u003EPloS One\u003C\u002Fi\u003E. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0170550\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0170550\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"schmid_barriers_2017\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003ESchmid P, Rauber D, Betsch C, Lidolt G, Denker ML. Barriers of influenza vaccination intention and behavior–a systematic review of influenza vaccine hesitancy, 2005–2016. PloS One [Internet]. 2017; Available from: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0170550\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0170550\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",harvard1:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"schmid_barriers_2017\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003ESchmid, P. et al., 2017. Barriers of influenza vaccination intention and behavior–a systematic review of influenza vaccine hesitancy, 2005–2016. \u003Ci\u003EPloS One\u003C\u002Fi\u003E. Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0170550.\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0170550.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"Schmid, P., Rauber, D., Betsch, C., Lidolt, G., & Denker, M. L. (2017). Barriers of influenza vaccination intention and behavior–a systematic review of influenza vaccine hesitancy, 2005–2016. PloS One. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0170550",link:g},{"container-title":"Psychological Bulletin",author:[{given:K,family:"Sheeran"},{given:"P.R.",family:"Harris"},{given:ah,family:"Epton"}],DOI:"10.1037\u002Fa0033065",type:o,id:cZ,"citation-label":cZ,issue:P,issued:{"date-parts":[[ad]]},language:W,page:"511-543",title:"Does heightening risk appraisals change people’s intentions and behavior? A meta-analysis of experimental studies",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F23731175\u002F",volume:"140",_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:aD,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"sheeran_does_2014\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003ESheeran, P., Harris, P. R., & Epton, T. (2014). Does heightening risk appraisals change people’s intentions and behavior? A meta-analysis of experimental studies. \u003Ci\u003EPsychological Bulletin\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, \u003Ci\u003E140\u003C\u002Fi\u003E(2), 511–543. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1037\u002Fa0033065\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1037\u002Fa0033065\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"sheeran_does_2014\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003ESheeran P, Harris PR, Epton T. Does heightening risk appraisals change people’s intentions and behavior? A meta-analysis of experimental studies. Psychological Bulletin [Internet]. 2014;140(2):511–43. Available from: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F23731175\u002F\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F23731175\u002F\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",harvard1:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"sheeran_does_2014\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003ESheeran, P., Harris, P.R. & Epton, T., 2014. Does heightening risk appraisals change people’s intentions and behavior? A meta-analysis of experimental studies. \u003Ci\u003EPsychological Bulletin\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, 140(2), pp.511–543. Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F23731175\u002F.\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F23731175\u002F.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"Sheeran, P., Harris, P. R., & Epton, T. (2014). Does heightening risk appraisals change people’s intentions and behavior? A meta-analysis of experimental studies. Psychological Bulletin, 140(2), 511–543. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1037\u002Fa0033065",link:g},{"container-title":bY,author:[{given:B,family:"Troiano"},{given:E,family:"Nardi"}],DOI:"10.1016\u002Fj.puhe.2021.02.025",type:o,id:c_,"citation-label":c_,issued:{"date-parts":[[t]]},language:p,page:"245-251",title:"Vaccine hesitancy in the era of COVID-19",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F33965796\u002F",volume:"194",_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:aE,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"troiano_vaccine_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003ETroiano, G., & Nardi, A. (2021). Vaccine hesitancy in the era of COVID-19. \u003Ci\u003EPublic Health\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, \u003Ci\u003E194\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, 245–251. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.puhe.2021.02.025\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.puhe.2021.02.025\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"troiano_vaccine_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003ETroiano G, Nardi A. Vaccine hesitancy in the era of COVID-19. Public Health [Internet]. 2021;194:245–51. Available from: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F33965796\u002F\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F33965796\u002F\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",harvard1:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"troiano_vaccine_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003ETroiano, G. & Nardi, A., 2021. Vaccine hesitancy in the era of COVID-19. \u003Ci\u003EPublic Health\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, 194, pp.245–251. Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F33965796\u002F.\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F33965796\u002F.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"Troiano, G., & Nardi, A. (2021). Vaccine hesitancy in the era of COVID-19. Public Health, 194, 245–251. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.puhe.2021.02.025",link:g},{"container-title":"Expert Review of Vaccines",author:[{given:K,family:"Verger"},{given:ag,family:"Dubé"}],DOI:"10.1080\u002F14760584.2020.1825945",type:o,id:c$,"citation-label":c$,issue:"11",issued:{"date-parts":[[v]]},language:p,page:"991-993",title:"Restoring confidence in vaccines in the COVID-19 era",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F32940574\u002F",volume:cd,_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:aF,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"verger_restoring_2020\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EVerger, P., & Dubé, E. (2020). Restoring confidence in vaccines in the COVID-19 era. \u003Ci\u003EExpert Review of Vaccines\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, \u003Ci\u003E19\u003C\u002Fi\u003E(11), 991–993. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F14760584.2020.1825945\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F14760584.2020.1825945\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"verger_restoring_2020\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003EVerger P, Dubé E. Restoring confidence in vaccines in the COVID-19 era. Expert Review of Vaccines [Internet]. 2020;19(11):991–3. Available from: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F32940574\u002F\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F32940574\u002F\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",harvard1:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"verger_restoring_2020\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EVerger, P. & Dubé, E., 2020. Restoring confidence in vaccines in the COVID-19 era. \u003Ci\u003EExpert Review of Vaccines\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, 19(11), pp.991–993. Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F32940574\u002F.\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F32940574\u002F.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"Verger, P., & Dubé, E. (2020). Restoring confidence in vaccines in the COVID-19 era. Expert Review of Vaccines, 19(11), 991–993. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F14760584.2020.1825945",link:g},{"container-title":"BMC Public Health",author:[{given:G,family:"Viswanath"},{given:s,family:"Bekalu"},{given:Q,family:"Dhawan"},{given:L,family:"Pinnamaneni"},{given:C,family:"Lang"},{given:L,family:"McLoud"}],DOI:"10.1186\u002Fs12889-021-10862-1",type:o,id:da,"citation-label":da,issue:A,issued:{"date-parts":[[t]]},language:W,page:"1-10",title:"Individual and social determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fbmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12889-021-10862-1",volume:bX,_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:aG,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"viswanath_individual_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EViswanath, K., Bekalu, M., Dhawan, D., Pinnamaneni, R., Lang, J., & McLoud, R. (2021). Individual and social determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. \u003Ci\u003EBMC Public Health\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, \u003Ci\u003E21\u003C\u002Fi\u003E(1), 1–10. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12889-021-10862-1\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12889-021-10862-1\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"viswanath_individual_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003EViswanath K, Bekalu M, Dhawan D, Pinnamaneni R, Lang J, McLoud R. Individual and social determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2021;21(1):1–10. Available from: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12889-021-10862-1\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fbmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12889-021-10862-1\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",harvard1:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"viswanath_individual_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EViswanath, K. et al., 2021. Individual and social determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. \u003Ci\u003EBMC Public Health\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, 21(1), pp.1–10. Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12889-021-10862-1.\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fbmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12889-021-10862-1.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"Viswanath, K., Bekalu, M., Dhawan, D., Pinnamaneni, R., Lang, J., & McLoud, R. (2021). Individual and social determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1–10. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12889-021-10862-1",link:g},{"container-title":"Social Science and Medicine",author:[{given:cA,family:"Yaqub"},{given:D,family:"Castle-Clarke"},{given:F,family:"Sevdalis"},{given:C,family:"Chataway"}],DOI:"10.1016\u002Fj.socscimed.2014.04.018",type:o,id:db,"citation-label":db,issued:{"date-parts":[[ad]]},language:W,page:"1-11",title:"Attitudes to vaccination: a critical review",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0277953614002421",volume:bT,_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:aH,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"yaqub_attitudes_2014\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EYaqub, O., Castle-Clarke, S., Sevdalis, N., & Chataway, J. (2014). Attitudes to vaccination: a critical review. \u003Ci\u003ESocial Science and Medicine\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, \u003Ci\u003E112\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, 1–11. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.socscimed.2014.04.018\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.socscimed.2014.04.018\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"yaqub_attitudes_2014\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003EYaqub O, Castle-Clarke S, Sevdalis N, Chataway J. Attitudes to vaccination: a critical review. Social Science and Medicine [Internet]. 2014;112:1–11. Available from: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0277953614002421\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0277953614002421\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",harvard1:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"yaqub_attitudes_2014\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EYaqub, O. et al., 2014. Attitudes to vaccination: a critical review. \u003Ci\u003ESocial Science and Medicine\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, 112, pp.1–11. Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0277953614002421.\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0277953614002421.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"Yaqub, O., Castle-Clarke, S., Sevdalis, N., & Chataway, J. (2014). Attitudes to vaccination: a critical review. Social Science and Medicine, 112, 1–11. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.socscimed.2014.04.018",link:g},{"container-title":ck,abstract:"Uncertainty is an inherent part of knowledge, and yet in an era of contested expertise, many shy away from openly communicating their uncertainty about what they know, fearful of their audience's reaction. But what effect does communication of such epistemic uncertainty have? Empirical research is widely scattered across many disciplines. This interdisciplinary review structures and summarizes current practice and research across domains, combining a statistical and psychological perspective. This informs a framework for uncertainty communication in which we identify three objects of uncertainty—facts, numbers and science—and two levels of uncertainty: direct and indirect. An examination of current practices provides a scale of nine expressions of direct uncertainty. We discuss attempts to codify indirect uncertainty in terms of quality of the underlying evidence. We review the limited literature about the effects of communicating epistemic uncertainty on cognition, affect, trust and decision-making. While there is some evidence that communicating epistemic uncertainty does not necessarily affect audiences negatively, impact can vary between individuals and communication formats. Case studies in economic statistics and climate change illustrate our framework in action. We conclude with advice to guide both communicators and future researchers in this important but so far rather neglected field.",accessed:{"date-parts":[[J,4,aI]]},author:[{given:"Anne Marthe",family:"Bles","non-dropping-particle":dc},{given:"Sander",family:"Linden","non-dropping-particle":dc},{given:"Alexandra L. J.",family:"Freeman"},{given:"James",family:"Mitchell"},{given:"Ana B.",family:"Galvao"},{given:"Lisa",family:"Zaval"},{given:"David J.",family:"Spiegelhalter"}],DOI:"10.1098\u002Frsos.181870",type:o,id:dd,"citation-label":dd,issue:"5",issued:{"date-parts":[[2019,_]]},keyword:"economic statistics,epistemic uncertainty,grade,IPCC,uncertainty communication",note:"Publisher: Royal Society",page:"181870",title:"Communicating uncertainty about facts, numbers and science",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Froyalsocietypublishing.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1098\u002Frsos.181870",volume:"6",_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:de,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"van_der_bles_communicating_2019\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003Evan der Bles, A. M., van der Linden, S., Freeman, A. L. J., Mitchell, J., Galvao, A. B., Zaval, L., & Spiegelhalter, D. J. (2019). Communicating uncertainty about facts, numbers and science. \u003Ci\u003ERoyal Society Open Science\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, \u003Ci\u003E6\u003C\u002Fi\u003E(5), 181870. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1098\u002Frsos.181870\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1098\u002Frsos.181870\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"van_der_bles_communicating_2019\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003Evan der Bles AM, van der Linden S, Freeman ALJ, Mitchell J, Galvao AB, Zaval L, et al. Communicating uncertainty about facts, numbers and science. Royal Society Open Science [Internet]. 2019 May [cited 2022 Apr 30];6(5):181870. Available from: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Froyalsocietypublishing.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1098\u002Frsos.181870\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Froyalsocietypublishing.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1098\u002Frsos.181870\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",harvard1:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"van_der_bles_communicating_2019\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003Evan der Bles, A.M. et al., 2019. Communicating uncertainty about facts, numbers and science. \u003Ci\u003ERoyal Society Open Science\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, 6(5), p.181870. Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Froyalsocietypublishing.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1098\u002Frsos.181870\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Froyalsocietypublishing.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1098\u002Frsos.181870\u003C\u002Fa\u003E [Accessed April 30, 2022].\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"van der Bles, A. M., van der Linden, S., Freeman, A. L. J., Mitchell, J., Galvao, A. B., Zaval, L., & Spiegelhalter, D. J. (2019). Communicating uncertainty about facts, numbers and science. Royal Society Open Science, 6(5), 181870. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1098\u002Frsos.181870",link:g},{author:[{given:"Institute",family:"Global Health Innovation","non-dropping-particle":"of"}],type:df,genre:dg,id:dh,"citation-label":dh,issued:{"date-parts":[[t,_]]},language:W,page:"22 p.",publisher:"Institute of Global Health Innovation",title:"Global attitudes towards a COVID-19 vaccine",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.imperial.ac.uk\u002Fmedia\u002Fimperial-college\u002Finstitute-of-global-health-innovation\u002FGlobalVaccineInsights_ICL-YouGov-Covid-19-Behaviour-Tracker_20210520_v2.pdf",_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:di,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"institute_of_global_health_innovation_global_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003Eof Global Health Innovation, I. (2021). \u003Ci\u003EGlobal attitudes towards a COVID-19 vaccine\u003C\u002Fi\u003E (p. 22 p.) [Techreport]. Institute of Global Health Innovation. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.imperial.ac.uk\u002Fmedia\u002Fimperial-college\u002Finstitute-of-global-health-innovation\u002FGlobalVaccineInsights_ICL-YouGov-Covid-19-Behaviour-Tracker_20210520_v2.pdf\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.imperial.ac.uk\u002Fmedia\u002Fimperial-college\u002Finstitute-of-global-health-innovation\u002FGlobalVaccineInsights_ICL-YouGov-Covid-19-Behaviour-Tracker_20210520_v2.pdf\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"institute_of_global_health_innovation_global_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003Eof Global Health Innovation I. Global attitudes towards a COVID-19 vaccine [Internet]. Institute of Global Health Innovation; 2021 May p. 22 p. Available from: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.imperial.ac.uk\u002Fmedia\u002Fimperial-college\u002Finstitute-of-global-health-innovation\u002FGlobalVaccineInsights_ICL-YouGov-Covid-19-Behaviour-Tracker_20210520_v2.pdf\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.imperial.ac.uk\u002Fmedia\u002Fimperial-college\u002Finstitute-of-global-health-innovation\u002FGlobalVaccineInsights_ICL-YouGov-Covid-19-Behaviour-Tracker_20210520_v2.pdf\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",harvard1:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"institute_of_global_health_innovation_global_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003Eof Global Health Innovation, I., 2021. \u003Ci\u003EGlobal attitudes towards a COVID-19 vaccine\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, Institute of Global Health Innovation. Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.imperial.ac.uk\u002Fmedia\u002Fimperial-college\u002Finstitute-of-global-health-innovation\u002FGlobalVaccineInsights_ICL-YouGov-Covid-19-Behaviour-Tracker_20210520_v2.pdf.\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.imperial.ac.uk\u002Fmedia\u002Fimperial-college\u002Finstitute-of-global-health-innovation\u002FGlobalVaccineInsights_ICL-YouGov-Covid-19-Behaviour-Tracker_20210520_v2.pdf.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"of Global Health Innovation, I. (2021). Global attitudes towards a COVID-19 vaccine (p. 22 p.) [Techreport]. Institute of Global Health Innovation. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.imperial.ac.uk\u002Fmedia\u002Fimperial-college\u002Finstitute-of-global-health-innovation\u002FGlobalVaccineInsights_ICL-YouGov-Covid-19-Behaviour-Tracker_20210520_v2.pdf",link:g},{"container-title":"PLOS ONE",abstract:"Social media has an important role in diffusion of information, during COVID-19 pandemic it could help to promote preventive behaviors, however its role and the pathway is still unclear. Objective To investigate the association among social media exposure, risk perception, preventive behaviors, and attitudes toward the COVID-19 epidemic in Bolivia. Methods We launched an online survey in La Paz and El Alto, Bolivia, during April and May 2020. The questionnaire examined: Socio-demographic factors, Social media use, Risk Perception, Preventive behaviors, attitudes and the willingness to use a vaccine if it were available in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic. A logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with risk perception and a structural equation model (SEM) was performed to explore the pathway of the relationship among social media exposure, risk perception and preventive behaviors and attitudes. Results Among 886 participants, the most were young adults, between 18–25 years old (73.4%) and 577 (65.1%) were female. During the the week before the survey 387 (43.7%) reported be exposure to social media Covid-19 information almost always or always. Moreover 304 (34.3%) were categorized as with a high risk perception. The multivariable analyses show that being female (aOR = 1.5, CI 95% 1.1–2.1) and having high exposure to Covid-19 information on social media (aOR = 2.5, CI 95% 1.3–5.3) were associated with a higher risk perception for Covid-19. Furthermore, SEM results indicated that risk perception is associated with the adoption of preventive behaviors and attitudes (β = 0.605, p \u003C 0.001) including the acceptance of a vaccine if one were available (β = 0.388, p \u003C 0.001). Conclusion Social media exposure to COVID-19 information influences the adoption of preventive attitudes and behaviors through shaping risk perception. Understanding the role of social media during the pandemic could help policymakers and communicators to develop better communication strategies that enable the population to adopt appropriate attitudes and behaviors.",accessed:{"date-parts":[[J,_,u]]},author:[{given:"Diana Reyna Zeballos",family:"Rivas"},{given:"Marinalda Lidia Lopez",family:"Jaldin"},{given:"Blanca Nina",family:"Canaviri"},{given:"Luisa Fabiola Portugal",family:"Escalante"},{given:"Angela M. C. Alanes",family:"Fernández"},{given:"Juan Pablo Aguilar",family:"Ticona"}],DOI:"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0245859",type:o,id:dj,"citation-label":dj,ISSN:"1932-6203",issue:A,issued:{"date-parts":[[t,u]]},keyword:"COVID 19,Hand washing,Influenza,Medical risk factors,Pandemics,Social media,Vaccination and immunization,Vaccines",language:p,note:"Publisher: Public Library of Science",page:"e0245859","title-short":"Social media exposure, risk perception, preventive behaviors and attitudes during the COVID-19 epidemic in La Paz, Bolivia",title:"Social media exposure, risk perception, preventive behaviors and attitudes during the COVID-19 epidemic in La Paz, Bolivia: A cross sectional study",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.plos.org\u002Fplosone\u002Farticle?id=10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0245859",volume:"16",_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:dk,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"rivas_social_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003ERivas, D. R. Z., Jaldin, M. L. L., Canaviri, B. N., Escalante, L. F. P., Fernández, A. M. C. A., & Ticona, J. P. A. (2021). Social media exposure, risk perception, preventive behaviors and attitudes during the COVID-19 epidemic in La Paz, Bolivia: A cross sectional study. \u003Ci\u003EPLOS ONE\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, \u003Ci\u003E16\u003C\u002Fi\u003E(1), e0245859. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0245859\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0245859\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"rivas_social_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003ERivas DRZ, Jaldin MLL, Canaviri BN, Escalante LFP, Fernández AMCA, Ticona JPA. Social media exposure, risk perception, preventive behaviors and attitudes during the COVID-19 epidemic in La Paz, Bolivia: A cross sectional study. PLOS ONE [Internet]. 2021 Jan [cited 2022 May 1];16(1):e0245859. Available from: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.plos.org\u002Fplosone\u002Farticle?id=10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0245859\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fjournals.plos.org\u002Fplosone\u002Farticle?id=10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0245859\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",harvard1:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"rivas_social_2021\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003ERivas, D.R.Z. et al., 2021. Social media exposure, risk perception, preventive behaviors and attitudes during the COVID-19 epidemic in La Paz, Bolivia: A cross sectional study. \u003Ci\u003EPLOS ONE\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, 16(1), p.e0245859. Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.plos.org\u002Fplosone\u002Farticle?id=10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0245859\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fjournals.plos.org\u002Fplosone\u002Farticle?id=10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0245859\u003C\u002Fa\u003E [Accessed May 1, 2022].\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"Rivas, D. R. Z., Jaldin, M. L. L., Canaviri, B. N., Escalante, L. F. P., Fernández, A. M. C. A., & Ticona, J. P. A. (2021). Social media exposure, risk perception, preventive behaviors and attitudes during the COVID-19 epidemic in La Paz, Bolivia: A cross sectional study. PLOS ONE, 16(1), e0245859. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0245859",link:g},{"container-title":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences",abstract:"Even though there are policies in place, and safe and effective vaccines available, almost every country struggles with vaccine hesitancy, that is, a delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccination. Consequently, it is important to understand the determinants of individual vaccination decisions to establish effective strategies to support the success of country-specific public health policies. Vaccine refusal can result from complacency, inconvenience, a lack of confidence, and a rational calculation of pros and cons. Interventions should, therefore, be carefully targeted to focus on the reason for non-vaccination. We suggest that there are several interventions that may be effective for complacent, convenient, and calculating individuals whereas interventions that might be effective for those who lack confidence are scarce. Thus, efforts should be concentrated on motivating the complacent, removing barriers for those for whom vaccination is inconvenient, and adding incentives and additional utility for the calculating. These strategies might be more promising, economic, and effective than convincing those who lack confidence in vaccination.",accessed:{"date-parts":[[J,_,aI]]},author:[{given:"Cornelia",family:cW},{given:"Robert",family:"Böhm"},{given:"Gretchen B.",family:bv}],DOI:"10.1177\u002F2372732215600716",type:o,id:dl,"citation-label":dl,ISSN:"2372-7322",issue:A,issued:{"date-parts":[[af,dm]]},keyword:"anti-vaccination,behavioral insights,tailoring,targeting,vaccination,vaccine hesitancy",language:p,note:"Publisher: SAGE Publications",page:"61-73",title:"Using Behavioral Insights to Increase Vaccination Policy Effectiveness",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F2372732215600716",volume:P,_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:dn,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"betsch_using_2015\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EBetsch, C., Böhm, R., & Chapman, G. B. (2015). Using Behavioral Insights to Increase Vaccination Policy Effectiveness. \u003Ci\u003EPolicy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, \u003Ci\u003E2\u003C\u002Fi\u003E(1), 61–73. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F2372732215600716\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F2372732215600716\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"betsch_using_2015\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003EBetsch C, Böhm R, Chapman GB. Using Behavioral Insights to Increase Vaccination Policy Effectiveness. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences [Internet]. 2015 Oct [cited 2022 May 30];2(1):61–73. Available from: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F2372732215600716\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F2372732215600716\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",harvard1:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"betsch_using_2015\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EBetsch, C., Böhm, R. & Chapman, G.B., 2015. Using Behavioral Insights to Increase Vaccination Policy Effectiveness. \u003Ci\u003EPolicy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, 2(1), pp.61–73. Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F2372732215600716\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F2372732215600716\u003C\u002Fa\u003E [Accessed May 30, 2022].\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"Betsch, C., Böhm, R., & Chapman, G. B. (2015). Using Behavioral Insights to Increase Vaccination Policy Effectiveness. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2(1), 61–73. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F2372732215600716",link:g},{accessed:{"date-parts":[[J,_,aI]]},author:[{given:"Avinash",family:"Collis"},{given:"Kiran",family:"Garimella"},{given:"Alex",family:"Moehring"},{given:"M. Amin",family:"Rahimian"},{given:"Stella",family:"Babalola"},{given:"Nina",family:"Gobat"},{given:"Dominick",family:"Shattuck"},{given:"Jeni",family:"Stolow"},{given:"Sinan",family:"Aral"},{given:"Dean",family:"Eckles"}],type:df,genre:dg,id:do0,"citation-label":do0,issued:{"date-parts":[[J]]},publisher:"MIT Sloan School of Management",title:"Global survey on COVID-19 beliefs, behaviors, and norms : MIT COVID-19 Survey",URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fcovidsurvey.mit.edu\u002F",_graph:[{type:h,data:i},{type:j},{type:k}],citation:dp,APA:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"collis_global_2022\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003ECollis, A., Garimella, K., Moehring, A., Rahimian, M. A., Babalola, S., Gobat, N., Shattuck, D., Stolow, J., Aral, S., & Eckles, D. (2022). \u003Ci\u003EGlobal survey on COVID-19 beliefs, behaviors, and norms : MIT COVID-19 Survey\u003C\u002Fi\u003E [Techreport]. MIT Sloan School of Management. \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcovidsurvey.mit.edu\u002F\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fcovidsurvey.mit.edu\u002F\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vancouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"collis_global_2022\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"csl-left-margin\"\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-right-inline\"\u003ECollis A, Garimella K, Moehring A, Rahimian MA, Babalola S, Gobat N, et al. Global survey on COVID-19 beliefs, behaviors, and norms : MIT COVID-19 Survey [Internet]. MIT Sloan School of Management; 2022 [cited 2022 May 30]. Available from: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcovidsurvey.mit.edu\u002F\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fcovidsurvey.mit.edu\u002F\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",harvard1:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"collis_global_2022\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003ECollis, A. et al., 2022. \u003Ci\u003EGlobal survey on COVID-19 beliefs, behaviors, and norms : MIT COVID-19 Survey\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, MIT Sloan School of Management. Available at: \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcovidsurvey.mit.edu\u002F\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fcovidsurvey.mit.edu\u002F\u003C\u002Fa\u003E [Accessed May 30, 2022].\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",text:"Collis, A., Garimella, K., Moehring, A., Rahimian, M. A., Babalola, S., Gobat, N., Shattuck, D., Stolow, J., Aral, S., & Eckles, D. (2022). Global survey on COVID-19 beliefs, behaviors, and norms : MIT COVID-19 Survey [Techreport]. MIT Sloan School of Management. https:\u002F\u002Fcovidsurvey.mit.edu\u002F",link:g}],custom_pdf:f,date:"2022-05-01T16:10:47.000Z",disciplines:f,highlight:q,issue:a_,keywords:["COVID-19","vaccine hesitancy","risk perception","social trust","socio-demographics"],language:a$,needDOI:q,picture:f,picture_copyright:f,published:g,yt:f,toc:[{depth:H,id:dq,text:dr,isMedia:q},{depth:H,id:ds,text:dt,isMedia:q},{depth:N,id:du,text:dv,isMedia:q},{depth:N,id:dw,text:dx,isMedia:q},{depth:N,id:dy,text:dz,isMedia:q},{depth:N,id:dA,text:dB,isMedia:q},{depth:H,id:dC,text:dD,isMedia:q},{depth:H,id:dE,text:dF,isMedia:q},{depth:N,id:dG,text:dH,isMedia:q},{depth:N,id:dI,text:dJ,isMedia:q},{depth:N,id:dK,text:dL,isMedia:q},{depth:H,id:dM,text:dN,isMedia:q},{depth:H,id:dO,text:dP,isMedia:q},{depth:H,id:dQ,text:dQ,isMedia:q}],body:{type:bc,children:[{type:a,tag:R,props:{id:dq},children:[{type:a,tag:c,props:{href:"#1-introduction",ariaHidden:w,tabIndex:x},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{className:[y,z]},children:[]}]},{type:b,value:dr}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"Research from the US, European and some Asian countries identified a relatively low vaccination rate for the first generation of COVID-19 vaccines after their release ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-sallam_covid-19_2021",href:"#!bb-sallam_covid-19_2021"},children:[{type:b,value:cV}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:dR,href:dS},children:[{type:b,value:az}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:dT,href:dU},children:[{type:b,value:aE}]},{type:b,value:"). To end the pandemic, greater acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine is essential. To identify predictors of vaccine hesitancy and willingness to get vaccinated will help public health campaigns become more effective. In the present study, we add to the exploding literature that tries to explain COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy by exploiting a large survey data set that comprises more than 1.5 million respondents on Facebook from 23 countries : the United States; 10 countries in Asia (Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam), two in Africa (Egypt, Nigeria), six in Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom) and four in Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico)."}]}]}]}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"Vaccine hesitancy is a highly complex issue. A literature review on acceptance of the influenza vaccine came up with more than 70 potentially influential factors ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-schmid_barriers_2017",href:"#!bb-schmid_barriers_2017"},children:[{type:b,value:cY}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"). Other systematic reviews and meta-analysis drew similar dense pictures for other vaccines ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:dV,href:dW},children:[{type:b,value:aD}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-kohlhammer_determinants_2007",href:"#!bb-kohlhammer_determinants_2007"},children:[{type:b,value:b_}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:dX,href:dY},children:[{type:b,value:ay}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-larson_understanding_2014",href:"#!bb-larson_understanding_2014"},children:[{type:b,value:ce}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:") Various conceptual models exist. Among the most prominent is the 3-C or WHO model of vaccine hesitancy which identifies three core factors: confidence in the form of trust in the vaccine and the provider; complacency about the health risk posed by a virus to self and others; and convenience or easy access to vaccination ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:ao,href:ap},children:[{type:b,value:Y}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"). Other behavioral theories have been applied to identify perceptions and attitudes towards vaccines too -- for example, the health belief model ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-coe_use_2012",href:"#!bb-coe_use_2012"},children:[{type:b,value:bH}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"), the theory of planned behavior ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-britt_perceived_2014",href:"#!bb-britt_perceived_2014"},children:[{type:b,value:bA}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"), and models from moral psychology ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-amin_association_2017",href:"#!bb-amin_association_2017"},children:[{type:b,value:bl}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-rutjens_not_2018",href:"#!bb-rutjens_not_2018"},children:[{type:b,value:cT}]},{type:b,value:"). All of these models try to capture the intricacy and variability of vaccine hesitancy and stress the complexity of vaccine hesitancy and beliefs which is further multiplied by context-specifics."}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"In this study, we work with an existing third-party data that comes from an omnibus survey on COVID-19 related beliefs, attitudes and behaviors. Attitudes on vaccination were only a side focus of the survey, so we have to concentrate on three types of variables which, however, have been shown to be pertinent for the decision to get vaccinated. The first cluster comprised risk perceptions with regards to the virus. Prior research has established that risk perceptions at the individual level ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-betsch_using_2015",href:"#!bb-betsch_using_2015"},children:[{type:b,value:dn}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:dV,href:dW},children:[{type:b,value:aD}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:dX,href:dY},children:[{type:b,value:ay}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:" for review; WHO, 2017) and messages that emphasize the threat posed by a disease ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-horne_countering_2015",href:"#!bb-horne_countering_2015"},children:[{type:b,value:bU}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:") played an important role in shaping vaccination intent. In the context of COVID-19, studies have demonstrated the impact of health-related beliefs too. Perceptions of COVID-19-related risks to individual and community health, perceived self-efficacy to avoid infection, and perceived health status all partly explained vaccine intent specific to COVID-19 vaccine ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:S,href:T},children:[{type:b,value:M}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:aJ,href:aK},children:[{type:b,value:an}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:aL,href:aM},children:[{type:b,value:aj}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"). Moreover, accurate information about risks associated with the vaccine as well as acknowledgment of concerns raised by people reduced some of the confusion created by disinformation and increase intentions to get vaccinated ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:aL,href:aM},children:[{type:b,value:aj}]},{type:b,value:I}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"The second cluster focuses trust in health authorities and is closely related to accurate risk perceptions. In 2020, the pandemic was labeled an infodemic and misinformation has been rampant, particular on social media ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:dZ,href:d_},children:[{type:b,value:ax}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-hao_coronavirus_2020",href:"#!bb-hao_coronavirus_2020"},children:[{type:b,value:bQ}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:d$,href:ea},children:[{type:b,value:aG}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-rivas_social_2021",href:"#!bb-rivas_social_2021"},children:[{type:b,value:dk}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"). As such, factual information sources of high quality have been essential for a proper understanding of the virus and the strategies to contain it ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-browne_going_2015",href:"#!bb-browne_going_2015"},children:[{type:b,value:bC}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-dror_vaccine_2020",href:"#!bb-dror_vaccine_2020"},children:[{type:b,value:bL}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:aq,href:ar},children:[{type:b,value:X}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"). However, for people to select and process this information, it is necessary that they trust the communicator. Prior studies clearly demonstrated that mutual trust between communities and public health sectors is key for vaccine acceptance ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:eb,href:ec},children:[{type:b,value:av}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:as,href:at},children:[{type:b,value:Z}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:ed,href:ee},children:[{type:b,value:aF}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:ef,href:eg},children:[{type:b,value:aH}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"). Relatedly, higher trust in government ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:aq,href:ar},children:[{type:b,value:X}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:") and in science ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:aN,href:aO},children:[{type:b,value:am}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:") were also associated with increased acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine, with health workers reported as particularly trusted sources for vaccine guidance ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-arce_covid-19_2021",href:"#!bb-arce_covid-19_2021"},children:[{type:b,value:bo}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"). Consequently, mistrust in healthcare and government and a lack of confidence in scientists went hand in hand with lower acceptance of vaccination ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:dZ,href:d_},children:[{type:b,value:ax}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:aP,href:aQ},children:[{type:b,value:ak}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:d$,href:ea},children:[{type:b,value:aG}]},{type:b,value:I}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"Our third cluster comprises demographic core variables, namely gender, age and education. A recent review suggested that lower levels of education seem to be associated with lower COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in some countries, but their results were mixed for higher level of education ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:dT,href:dU},children:[{type:b,value:aE}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"). The same review highlighted age as a pertinent factor with the younger demographic showing more resistance. However, again results are mixed, with another study observing the opposite trend with the middle-aged group showing reduced willingness (@palamenghi2020a). More consistently, various surveys of people from the US ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:S,href:T},children:[{type:b,value:M}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:eh},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:ei,href:ej},children:[{type:b,value:aB}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:") and from Europe ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:aR,href:aS},children:[{type:b,value:al}]},{type:b,value:") revealed gender based-differences with women being less likely than men to get vaccinated."}]}]}]}]}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"The inconsistency with regards to demographics can be read as indications for a context dependency of intent to get vaccinated against COVID-19. Indeed, existing research suggests that vaccine acceptance has not only been influenced by individual-level factors, but that characteristics on the country-level matter too. For example, significantly lower acceptance rates for COVID-19 vaccines were found in countries with a history of vaccine mistrust ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-institute_of_global_health_innovation_global_2021",href:"#!bb-institute_of_global_health_innovation_global_2021"},children:[{type:b,value:di}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:dR,href:dS},children:[{type:b,value:az}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:S,href:T},children:[{type:b,value:M}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:ei,href:ej},children:[{type:b,value:aB}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"). Moreover, pre-pandemic vaccination practices within a country (e.g., against the H1N1-virus) predicted COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in ways that reflect cultural and political disparities ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-chor_seasonal_2011",href:"#!bb-chor_seasonal_2011"},children:[{type:b,value:bF}]},{type:b,value:I}]}]}]}]}]}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"Altogether, these clusters were determined to be important possible contributors to vaccine hesitancy, therefore we examined how COVID-19 vaccine acceptance systematically varies with risk perceptions, trust in health authorities and demographics. We also explored the extent to which country-specifics override potential individual-level effects.\" By including various countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America we partly address their underrepresentation in prior comparative work around COVID-19 (e.g., "},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:S,href:T},children:[{type:b,value:M}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:aP,href:aQ},children:[{type:b,value:ak}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:aR,href:aS},children:[{type:b,value:al}]},{type:b,value:I}]}]}]}]},{type:a,tag:R,props:{id:ds},children:[{type:a,tag:c,props:{href:"#2-method",ariaHidden:w,tabIndex:x},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{className:[y,z]},children:[]}]},{type:b,value:dt}]},{type:a,tag:O,props:{id:du},children:[{type:a,tag:c,props:{href:"#21-data-source",ariaHidden:w,tabIndex:x},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{className:[y,z]},children:[]}]},{type:b,value:dv}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"We used data collected from a global survey of Facebook users for our study. Our analysis is therefore based on a prechosen set of variables and measures. The survey was an omnibus-survey themed around COVID-19 beliefs, behaviors, and norms. The survey was conducted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in collaboration with Facebook, with input from researchers at Johns Hopkins University, the World Health Organization, and the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network. It was implemented as rolling cross-sections with 19 bi-weekly waves ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-collis_global_2022",href:"#!bb-collis_global_2022"},children:[{type:b,value:dp}]},{type:b,value:"). Although several measures were taken to minimize the representation error, we do not treat the data as being representative in the narrower sense for the country population. Full information about the data collection is available at "}]},{type:a,tag:c,props:{href:aT,rel:["nofollow","noopener","noreferrer"],target:"_blank",title:aT},children:[{type:b,value:aT}]},{type:b,value:"."}]},{type:a,tag:O,props:{id:dw},children:[{type:a,tag:c,props:{href:"#22-measures",ariaHidden:w,tabIndex:x},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{className:[y,z]},children:[]}]},{type:b,value:dx}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"The survey measured "},{type:a,tag:r,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"intent to get vaccinated"}]},{type:b,value:" by asking respondents whether they “would choose to get vaccinated” (in the earlier waves: “if a vaccine became available”). Answering options were “yes”, “no” and “don’t know”. In later waves, respondents could report their actual vaccination. We grouped those who got vaccinated and those who were willing to get vaccinated into one group, because vaccination was not mandatory in any of the countries at the point in time. Hence, being vaccinated can be equated with intend to vaccinate a day before vaccination."}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"Four types of COVID-19-related risk perceptions were assessed in the survey. "},{type:a,tag:r,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"Control beliefs"}]},{type:b,value:" were measured by asking respondent to give their agreement with the statement “I have control over whether I will get COVID-19” on a 5-point Likert-type scale. "},{type:a,tag:r,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"Threat to the community"}]},{type:b,value:" was measured by asking respondents how dangerous they thought the COVID-19 risk is to their community – with answering options ranging from “not at all dangerous” to “extremely dangerous” on a 5-point scale. "},{type:a,tag:r,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"Individual"}]},{type:b,value:ek},{type:a,tag:r,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"risk of"}]},{type:b,value:ek},{type:a,tag:r,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"infection"}]},{type:b,value:" was assessed by asking respondents how likely it is that someone of their age became sick from COVID-19 in their community - with answering options ranging from “not at all likely” to “extremely likely” on a 5-point scale. Finally, to measure perceived severity respondents were asked how serious it would be if they became infected with COVID-19 with answering options being “not at all serious”, “somewhat serious”, “very serious”. Finally, and unrelated to COVID-19, respondents were asked in one item to rate their "},{type:a,tag:r,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"own health"}]},{type:b,value:" in general on a five-point scale ranging from “poor” to “excellent”."}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:a,tag:r,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"Trust in health authorities"}]},{type:b,value:" was measured as part of a larger section where respondents were asked how much they trusted sources when it comes to COVID-19 news and information. Answering options included “do not trust”, “somewhat trust”, and “trust”. We averaged item scores for the following sources: “local health workers, clinics, and community organizations”, “scientists, doctors, and health experts”, “World Health Organization (WHO)”."}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"The following socio-demographics were part of the survey. "},{type:a,tag:r,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"Gender"}]},{type:b,value:" was measured offering “male”, “female” and a third non-binary “other”-option (the “other” option was not available in Nigeria, Bangladesh and India). "},{type:a,tag:r,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"Age"}]},{type:b,value:" was measured in decades (“under 20”, “21-30”, “31-40”, etc.) "},{type:a,tag:r,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"Education"}]},{type:b,value:" asked for the highest level of education, offering five classes of degrees (“less than primary school”, “primary school”, “secondary school”, “college\u002Funiversity”, “graduate school”)."}]},{type:a,tag:O,props:{id:dy},children:[{type:a,tag:c,props:{href:"#23-sample",ariaHidden:w,tabIndex:x},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{className:[y,z]},children:[]}]},{type:b,value:dz}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"For this study, we pooled data from waves 9 (November 2020) to wave 19 (March 2021) and selected from only those who completed our scales of interest leaving over 60,000 responses. At the time of wave 9, the first vaccines were approved, wave 19 was the last wave of the project. Pooling our data in this way implies that we are able to speak about predicted respondents’ intent to vaccinate in the first months after the approval of the vaccine. While the vaccines were not globally available at this point in time, vaccination had become, at least in principle, a behavioral option for the near future."}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"We included respondents from all 23 countries. In the final data set, respondents were well distributed over the countries, ranging from a minimal of "},{type:a,tag:r,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:el}]},{type:b,value:"=2,032 for India to "},{type:a,tag:r,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:el}]},{type:b,value:"= 3,266 for Germany."}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"All respondents with valid data on focus variables were included in the analysis. Our remaining sample (N = 63,042) showed a well-balanced heterogeneity with regards to socio-demographics : (45%) were female, (54%) male, and (1%) identified as “other.” 3.4% were less than 20 years old, 23.2% were between 20 and 29 years old, 23.4% were between 30 and 39 years old, 19.5% were 40-49, 16.3% were 50-59, 10.2% were 60-69, 3.5% were 70-79, and 0.5% were older than 80 years. Less than 0.5% indicated that they had not completed primary school; 3.5% had completed primary school, 29% secondary school, 48.3% college\u002Funiversity, and 18.6% graduate school. See figure 1 for a breakdown by country (see figure 1 for a distribution of the demographics and predictor variables by country)."}]},{type:a,tag:O,props:{id:dA},children:[{type:a,tag:c,props:{href:"#24-analysis",ariaHidden:w,tabIndex:x},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{className:[y,z]},children:[]}]},{type:b,value:dB}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"We used the R software environment to run multinomial regressions. Our categorical outcome was intent to get vaccinated and we used those who were willing to get vaccinated as reference group. Our predictors were age, gender (female as reference group), education, own health, control of infection, risk for the community, risk of infection, severity of infection, and trust in health authorities. All variables except gender were z-scored. For our main analysis, we pooled respondents from all countries and all waves into one global data set (n=63,042). For an additional explorative step, we re-ran the analysis per country pooled over all waves. We had to remove identification with a non-binary gender as a category for gender since it was not assessed in all countries."}]},{type:a,tag:R,props:{id:dC},children:[{type:a,tag:c,props:{href:"#3-results",ariaHidden:w,tabIndex:x},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{className:[y,z]},children:[]}]},{type:b,value:dD}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"Before presenting the results of our regressions, the mere numbers of vaccine acceptance is notable. Of the 63,042 respondents from 23 countries in our pooled sample, 66.3% reported intending to be vaccinated or were already vaccinated. 19.1% indicated being indecisive and 14.6% reported not intending to be vaccinated (see Figure 1). Since the first generation of vaccines has been considered the central tool to contain the spread the virus and curb causalities in the months, these figures show the challenges for health authorities."}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"Figure 2 shows the results of the multinomial regression for the pooled global sample. First, we contrasted those who were willing to get vaccinated (or were vaccinated) with those who were not. We found that respondents of higher age, higher education, male gender, a higher perceived threat for the community, a higher perceived risk of infection, a higher perceived severity of infection, and higher trust in health authorities were "},{type:a,tag:r,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"more"}]},{type:b,value:" likely to be willing to get vaccinated. On the other hand, those who rated their own health as better and those who felt more in control over about their chances of getting infected were "},{type:a,tag:r,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:em}]},{type:b,value:" likely to be willing to get vaccinated."}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"All of the aforementioned effects were statistically significant. Identifying with the non-binary gender option also increased the likelihood of intending to get vaccinated, yet not significant. Since we z-scored all predictors, the odds ratios represent a change of the odds of not getting vaccinated over getting vaccinated after a change of one standard deviation of the predictor. While we do not want to overinterpret small differences between the predictors, trust in health authorities seemed to be a particularly potent factor in our model."}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"When we contrasted those who were willing to get vaccinated (or were vaccinated) with those who were undecided, we found the same pattern with regards to effect direction and significance and the effect size of trust. Only respondents who had a better rating of their own health were also "},{type:a,tag:r,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:em}]},{type:b,value:" likely to be undecided about their intent to get vaccinated. Moreover, the effect for control of infection were no longer statistically significant."}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"Figure 3 shows the results for 23 multinomial regression models, run separately for each country in our sample and focusing on the contrast \"between the intend to vaccinate\" group and the \"no intend to vaccinate group\". The first finding is that the effect direction for most psychological variables is rather similar for the different countries. Threat to community and trust in health authorities reduced the likelihood to be "},{type:a,tag:r,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:en}]},{type:b,value:"_*willing to get vaccinated in all 23 countries. Risk of individual infection and perceived severity reduced "},{type:a,tag:r,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:en}]},{type:b,value:"willingness to get vaccinated, perception of own health increased the likelihood of unwillingness in all but four to five countries. Having said this, the variance of the odds ratios was larger for threat to community and trust in health authorities than for the other variables. Again, the change in odds ratio was the largest for a change in one standard deviation of trust. The only predictor that did not produce a conclusive pattern and varied strongly with country was perceived control over infection"}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"The effects of socio-demographics showed slight variance over countries. In various, but not all Asian countries in our sample, the gender effect was non-significant, in Bangladesh even significantly reversed. Age was non-significant or even increased unwillingness in more than a handful of countries. Education did not yield a conclusive effect pattern and varied strongly with country."}]},{type:a,tag:R,props:{id:dE},children:[{type:a,tag:c,props:{href:"#4-discussion",ariaHidden:w,tabIndex:x},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{className:[y,z]},children:[]}]},{type:b,value:dF}]},{type:a,tag:O,props:{id:dG},children:[{type:a,tag:c,props:{href:"#41-vaccine-intention",ariaHidden:w,tabIndex:x},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{className:[y,z]},children:[]}]},{type:b,value:dH}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"The current study investigated three clusters of pertinent variables (i.e., role of risk perceptions, trust in health authorities, and socio-demographic factors), in predicting future COVID-19 vaccination intentions across 23 countries. The importance of exploring predictors of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy was supported by the relatively low rates of vaccine hesitancy in the months following the announcement of the vaccine (see also, "},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:S,href:T},children:[{type:b,value:M}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:aq,href:ar},children:[{type:b,value:X}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:aJ,href:aK},children:[{type:b,value:an}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"). Overall, findings from the global pooled sample and individual country models reproduce and extend prior research (e.g., "},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:as,href:at},children:[{type:b,value:Z}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:") supporting the importance of these clusters in examining vaccine hesitancy as well as the robustness of these effects in a large, multi-country sample that included many Non-Western countries. Importantly, results were also consistent with models of vaccine hesitancy and beliefs (e.g., "},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:ao,href:ap},children:[{type:b,value:Y}]},{type:b,value:I}]}]}]}]}]}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"For the first cluster, risk perceptions, a higher perceived threat for the community, a higher perceived risk of infection, and a higher perceived severity of infection were all associated with willingness to get vaccinated (see also "},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:S,href:T},children:[{type:b,value:M}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:aJ,href:aK},children:[{type:b,value:an}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:aL,href:aM},children:[{type:b,value:aj}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"). Interestingly, those who rated their own health as better as well as those who felt they had higher perceived control over becoming infected were more likely to be unwilling to get vaccinated. While own health had the same effect in almost all countries, the effect of control varied strongly. This seems intuitive since locus of control will likely depend on local infection rates and prevention behavior in the community. This also mirrors findings regarding protective behavior more general (e.g., "},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-maekelae_perceived_2020",href:"#!bb-maekelae_perceived_2020"},children:[{type:b,value:cr}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:eh},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-maekelae_identifying_2021",href:"#!bb-maekelae_identifying_2021"},children:[{type:b,value:cu}]},{type:b,value:I}]}]}]}]}]}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"For the second cluster, social trust in health authorities, those with higher trust in health authorities were more likely to get vaccinated or intend to be vaccinated. This strong effect of trust suggests the importance of trust in local and global health experts, including the WHO, and scientists in the increased likelihood of intending to get vaccinated. This supports past research highlighting the key nature of trust in those communicating health-related information as well the pivotal role of health authorities in supporting vaccination efforts ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:eb,href:ec},children:[{type:b,value:av}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:aq,href:ar},children:[{type:b,value:X}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:as,href:at},children:[{type:b,value:Z}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:aN,href:aO},children:[{type:b,value:am}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:ed,href:ee},children:[{type:b,value:aF}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:ef,href:eg},children:[{type:b,value:aH}]},{type:b,value:I}]}]}]}]}]}]}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"Third, with regards to the socio-demographic cluster, we found that among our more than 60,000 respondents, men and older individuals were more likely to intend to and get vaccinated. In addition, those who had higher levels of education were also more likely to be willing to get vaccinated. However, the effects of socio-demographic factors varied more strongly between countries than trust and risk perceptions. This mixed finding is also in line with prior research ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:aP,href:aQ},children:[{type:b,value:ak}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:aR,href:aS},children:[{type:b,value:al}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:as,href:at},children:[{type:b,value:Z}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:aN,href:aO},children:[{type:b,value:am}]},{type:b,value:I}]}]}]}]}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"Future research could extend our findings by monitoring whether the influence of our core factors changed over time. In this initial phase, trust may have been more important since side effects were largely unknown and only few peers may have been vaccinated. Moreover, what the substantial reasons for the variability in effects of socio-demographics were and locus of control were."}]},{type:a,tag:O,props:{id:dI},children:[{type:a,tag:c,props:{href:"#42-implications-for-health-communication-practitioners",ariaHidden:w,tabIndex:x},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{className:[y,z]},children:[]}]},{type:b,value:dJ}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"Understanding what factors influence vaccine hesitancy can provide helpful information for the ongoing public health planning to increase vaccination rates. In this regard, our findings provide a backdrop against which practitioners of health communication could evaluate campaigning in the first months after the announcement of the first generation of COVID-19 vaccines to learn. First, in that specific period in time, the population segments that were the best candidates for targeted communication across the globe (or at least in the 23 countries included in this sample) were younger, female, and-or less educated people. Second, nevertheless, global campaigns should be sensitive to national idiosyncrasies. Third, campaigns should target the health-related beliefs of their audiences: campaigns should highlight the risk of infection for individuals and the community and limited control that respondents have over getting infected or seriously sick. This is likely to work across national contexts. Third, our study highlights a serious challenge: Those who were less likely to get vaccinated also tended to have lower trust in health authorities. In other words, those who could potentially benefit the most from health information, were the least to attend to it. This finding highlights the detrimental effects of the erosion of institutional trust and the need for health communicators to constantly build institutional trust, also outside the pandemic. Fourth, communication should address the uncertainty pertinent in a pandemic ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-mcguire_beating_2020",href:"#!bb-mcguire_beating_2020"},children:[{type:b,value:cz}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-pearce_trouble_2020",href:"#!bb-pearce_trouble_2020"},children:[{type:b,value:cH}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-piltch-loeb_information_2020",href:"#!bb-piltch-loeb_information_2020"},children:[{type:b,value:cJ}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-porzsolt_covid-19_2021",href:"#!bb-porzsolt_covid-19_2021"},children:[{type:b,value:cN}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-rafkin_when_2021",href:"#!bb-rafkin_when_2021"},children:[{type:b,value:cP}]},{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:n},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:"bb-van_der_bles_communicating_2019",href:"#!bb-van_der_bles_communicating_2019"},children:[{type:b,value:de}]},{type:b,value:"). Being transparent about what is not yet known and that recommendations can change, foster trust. Omitting uncertainties decrease trust."}]}]}]}]}]}]}]},{type:a,tag:O,props:{id:dK},children:[{type:a,tag:c,props:{href:"#43-limitations",ariaHidden:w,tabIndex:x},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{className:[y,z]},children:[]}]},{type:b,value:dL}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"This study worked with secondary data and is, therefore, limited in two ways. First, we had to rely on a prechosen set of variables and measures. In the Facebook omnibus survey, questions did not specifically focus on vaccine hesitancy and did not include all constructs from one of the common models like the 3-C-model ("},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:ao,href:ap},children:[{type:b,value:Y}]},{type:b,value:"). While crucial predictors of vaccine hesitancy are missing, we believe that this does not question the validity of our measures since we cannot think of any omitted variable bias. Moreover, while our measures have high face-validity, measures with known psychometric properties and established measurement equivalence across cultural contexts would have strongly strengthened our results."}]}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"Second, our data is not representative for the populations of the countries. Not only do Facebook users tend to differ from the general population. Access and usage of Facebook and participation in the survey may systematically vary with country (see figure 1, age and gender distribution)."}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"While these limitations may account for the inconsistencies with regards to socio-demographics, the consistent effect of trust, threat to community, and severity of infection still hold. Therefore, we believe that our analysis provides another important piece for the large puzzle to understand skepticism against one of the main measures to curb the major health crisis of the last 100 years."}]},{type:a,tag:R,props:{id:dM},children:[{type:a,tag:c,props:{href:"#acknowledgements",ariaHidden:w,tabIndex:x},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{className:[y,z]},children:[]}]},{type:b,value:dN}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"We would like to thank Facebook and Massachusetts Institute of Technology for giving us access to survey data and Martin Riegels for helping with the literature review."}]},{type:a,tag:R,props:{id:dO},children:[{type:a,tag:c,props:{href:"#review-comments",ariaHidden:w,tabIndex:x},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{className:[y,z]},children:[]}]},{type:b,value:dP}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:a,tag:aU,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"R1: Marvin Starominski-Uehara"}]}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"The topic of the paper is relevant and its results original. However, there are fundamental points to be addressed, particularly in regards to research question and hypotheses as far as disclosed limitations are concerned. I commend authors for this effort and WPRN for creating a platform that fosters mutual support and creativity among researchers."}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:a,tag:aU,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"R2: Francesca Ervas"}]}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"The paper provides an interesting and timely contribution on vaccine hesitancy in pandemic times, highlighting its connection to both trust in health authorities and socio-demographic features. The results of the study suggest – in line with previous literature on the topic – that trust in health authorities and socio-demographic features, i.e., being men and older individuals with higher education and a higher perceived threat for both themselves and the community."}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:a,tag:d,props:{class:e},children:[{type:b,value:"More words could be spent on the description and the discussion of the models of vaccine hesitancy and beliefs (e.g., "},{type:a,tag:c,props:{id:ao,href:ap},children:[{type:b,value:Y}]},{type:b,value:"). The point is relevant to better understand vaccine hesitancy in the case of Covid-19 as a multilayered and context specific, i.e., varying across place, time, and specific vaccines. We might think that the results of the study can be explained by cultural aspects connected to the understanding of vaccination as a collective phenomenon: indeed, how people construct their beliefs on vaccination is usually biased by their beliefs on social groups and movements in their own culture."}]}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:a,tag:aU,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"Author’s Response"}]}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:b,value:"We thank both reviewers for their very constructive feedback and suggestions for further research. We have addressed most of the suggestions. See the response letter for more information about some of the suggested edits."}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:a,tag:aV,props:{alt:f,src:"\u002Ffp_21.PNG"},children:[]}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:a,tag:aV,props:{alt:f,src:"\u002Ffp_22.PNG"},children:[]}]},{type:a,tag:m,props:{},children:[{type:a,tag:aV,props:{alt:f,src:"\u002Ffp_23.PNG"},children:[]}]}]},dir:"\u002Farticles\u002FWPRN21 Papers\u002FFull_papers",path:"\u002Farticles\u002FWPRN21 Papers\u002FFull_papers\u002FFP2_Kothari",extension:bd,createdAt:eo,updatedAt:eo,media:[],images:[],footnotes:[],countMap:[aW,984,1222,1355,1362,817,788,585,9,aW,837,ep,560,1112,440,473,11,604,192,781,ep,775,dm,537,672,548,442,1048,388,12,22,975,864,697,574,383,56,1836,aX,734,290,393,aX,168,aW,29,351,19,470,627,17,221,l,l,l],countRefs:[u,l,l,l,l,l,l,l,u,u,u,u,l,l,l,l,u,l,l,l,u,l,u,l,l,l,l,l,l,u,u,l,l,l,l,l,u,l,u,l,l,l,u,l,u,l,l,l,l,l,l,l,l,l,l],maths:[],biblioFile:"\u002Fdocuments-exportes_fp2bis.bib",years:J,todo:{gitDiffed:q,generatePDF:q,generateGraph:g,upsertOnZenodo:q,obtainDOI:q,publishOnZenodo:q},issueIndex:aX,toCite:{apa:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"temp_id_7037200434062927\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EKothari, A., Pfuhl, G., Godleski, S., & Schieferdecker, D. (2022). Risk Perceptions, Trust in Health Authorities and Socio-Demographics Predict Intent to Get Vaccinated Against COVID-19: Evidence from 23 Countries. In \u003Ci\u003EProceedings of the Paris Institute for Advanced Study\u003C\u002Fi\u003E (Vol. 16). https:\u002F\u002Fparis.pias.science\u002Farticle\u002FFP2_Kothari\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",vanvouver:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"temp_id_8682537316363659\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EKothari, A., Pfuhl, G., Godleski, S., & Schieferdecker, D. (2022). Risk Perceptions, Trust in Health Authorities and Socio-Demographics Predict Intent to Get Vaccinated Against COVID-19: Evidence from 23 Countries. In \u003Ci\u003EProceedings of the Paris Institute for Advanced Study\u003C\u002Fi\u003E (Vol. 16). https:\u002F\u002Fparis.pias.science\u002Farticle\u002FFP2_Kothari\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",harvard1:"\u003Cdiv class=\"csl-bib-body\"\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv data-csl-entry-id=\"temp_id_6267080055782077\" class=\"csl-entry\"\u003EKothari, A. et al., 2022. \u003Ci\u003ERisk Perceptions, Trust in Health Authorities and Socio-Demographics Predict Intent to Get Vaccinated Against COVID-19: Evidence from 23 Countries\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, Available at: https:\u002F\u002Fparis.pias.science\u002Farticle\u002FFP2_Kothari.\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E"}}],_img:{"/_ipx/icon.png":"\u002F_nuxt\u002Fimage\u002F2f536a.png","/_ipx/thumbnails/FP2_Kothari.png?fit=inside":"\u002F_nuxt\u002Fimage\u002Ffb0c59.png"}}],fetch:{},mutations:[]}}("element","text","a","span","node","",true,"@biblatex\u002Ftext","\n@article{amin_association_2017,\n\ttitle = {Association of moral values 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hesitancy: {A} longitudinal study},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.plos.org\u002Fplosone\u002Farticle?id=10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0250123},\n\tdoi = {10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0250123},\n\tlanguage = {it},\n\tjournal = {PloS One},\n\tauthor = {Fridman, A. and Gershon, R. and Gneezy, A.},\n\tyear = {2021},\n}\n\n@misc{hao_coronavirus_2020,\n\ttitle = {The coronavirus is the first true social-media infodemic”},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fwww.technologyreview.com\u002F2020\u002F02\u002F12\u002F844851\u002Fthe-coronavirus-is-the-first},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {MIT Technology Review},\n\tauthor = {Hao, K. and Basu, T.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n@article{horne_countering_2015,\n\ttitle = {Countering antivaccination attitudes},\n\tvolume = {112},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pnas.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1073\u002Fpnas.1504019112},\n\tdoi = {10.1073\u002Fpnas.1504019112},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {33},\n\tjournal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Horne, Z. and Powell, D. and Hummel, J.E. and Holyoak, K.J.},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {10321--10324},\n}\n\n@article{kelly_predictors_2021,\n\ttitle = {Predictors of willingness to get a {COVID}-19 vaccine in the {US}},\n\tvolume = {21},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fbmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12879-021-06023-9},\n\tdoi = {10.1186\u002Fs12879-021-06023-9},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {BMC Infectious Diseases},\n\tauthor = {Kelly, B.J. and Southwell, B.G. and McCormack, L.A. and Bann, C.M. and MacDonald, P.D. and Frasier, A.M. and Squiers, L.B.},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {1--7},\n}\n\n@article{kohlhammer_determinants_2007,\n\ttitle = {Determinants of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in elderly people: a systematic review},\n\tvolume = {121},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fabs\u002Fpii\u002FS0033350607000741},\n\tdoi = {10.1016\u002Fj.puhe.2007.02.011},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\tjournal = {Public Health},\n\tauthor = {Kohlhammer, Y. and Schnoor, M. and Schwartz, M. and Raspe, H. and Schäfer, T.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {742--751},\n}\n\n@misc{lahlou_ccaq_2020,\n\ttitle = {{CCAQ}: a shared, {Creative} {Commons} {Crisis} {Coping} {Assessment} {Questionnaire}},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fwprn.org\u002Fitem\u002F413152.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {World Pandemic Research Network},\n\tauthor = {Lahlou, S. and Yamin-Slotkus, P. and Mirdal, G. and Heitmayer, M. and Magnani, G. and Everri, M.},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tannote = {WPRN-413152, 12\u002F04\u002F2020,},\n}\n\n@article{larson_understanding_2014,\n\ttitle = {Understanding vaccine hesitancy around vaccines and vaccination from a global perspective: a systematic review of published literature, 2007–2012},\n\tvolume = {32},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0264410X14001443},\n\tdoi = {10.1016\u002Fj.vaccine.2014.01.081},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {19},\n\tjournal = {Vaccine},\n\tauthor = {Larson, H.J. and Jarrett, C. and Eckersberger, E. and Smith, D.M. and Paterson, P.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {2150--2159},\n}\n\n@article{lazarus_global_2021,\n\ttitle = {A global survey of potential acceptance of a {COVID}-19 vaccine},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fs41591-020-1124-9},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Nature Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Lazarus, J.V. and Ratzan, S.C. and Palayew, A. and Gostin, L.O. and Larson, H.J. and Rabin, K. and El-Mohandes, A.},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {225--228},\n}\n\n@article{macdonald_vaccine_2015,\n\ttitle = {Vaccine hesitancy: {Definition}, scope and determinants},\n\tvolume = {33},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0264410X15005009},\n\tdoi = {10.1016\u002Fj.vaccine.2015.04.036},\n\tlanguage = {fr},\n\tnumber = {34},\n\tjournal = {Vaccine},\n\tauthor = {MacDonald, N.E.},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {4161--4164},\n}\n\n@article{malik_determinants_2020,\n\ttitle = {Determinants of {COVID}-19 vaccine acceptance in the {US}},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.eclinm.2020.100495},\n\tdoi = {10.1016\u002Fj.eclinm.2020.100495},\n\tlanguage = {fr},\n\tjournal = {EClinicalMedicine},\n\tauthor = {Malik, A.A. and McFadden, S.M. and Elharake, J. and Omer, S.B.},\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n@article{maekelae_perceived_2020,\n\ttitle = {Perceived efficacy of {COVID}-19 restrictions, reactions and their impact on mental health during the early phase of the outbreak in six countries},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Froyalsocietypublishing.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1098\u002Frsos.200644},\n\tdoi = {10.1098\u002Frsos.200644},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Royal Society Open Science},\n\tauthor = {Mækelæ, M.J. and Reggev, N. and Dutra, N. and Tamayo, R.M. and Silva-Sobrinho, R.A. and Klevjer, K. and Pfuhl, G.},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tdoi = {10.1098\u002Frsos.200644},\n}\n\n@article{maekelae_identifying_2021,\n\ttitle = {Identifying resilience factors of distress and paranoia during the {COVID}-19 outbreak in five countries},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3389\u002Ffpsyg.2021.661149},\n\tdoi = {10.3389\u002Ffpsyg.2021.661149},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Frontiers in Psychology},\n\tauthor = {Mækelæ, M.J. and Reggev, N. and Defelipe, R.P. and Dutra, N. and Tamayo, R.M. and Klevjer, K. and Pfuhl, G.},\n\tyear = {2021},\n}\n\n@misc{mills_covid-19_2020,\n\taddress = {London},\n\ttitle = {{COVID}-19 vaccine deployment: {Behaviour}, ethics, misinformation and policy strategies},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Froyalsociety.org\u002F-\u002Fmedia\u002Fpolicy\u002Fprojects\u002Fset-c\u002Fset-c-vaccine-deployment.pdf},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {The Royal Society \\& The British Academy},\n\tauthor = {Mills, M. and Rahal, C. and Brazel, D. and Yan, J. and Gieysztor, S.},\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n@article{mcguire_beating_2020,\n\ttitle = {Beating the virus: an examination of the crisis communication approach taken by {New} {Zealand} {Prime} {Minister} {Jacinda} {Ardern} during the {Covid}-19 pandemic},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1080\u002F13678868.2020.1779543},\n\tdoi = {10.1080\u002F13678868.2020.1779543},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Human Resource Development International},\n\tauthor = {McGuire, D. and Cunningham, J.E. and Reynolds, K. and Matthews-Smith, G.},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {361--379},\n}\n\n@article{murphy_psychological_2021,\n\ttitle = {Psychological characteristics associated with {COVID}-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in {Ireland} and the {United} {Kingdom}},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fs41467-020-20226-9},\n\tdoi = {10.1038\u002Fs41467-020-20226-9},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Nature Communications},\n\tauthor = {Murphy, J. and Vallières, F. and Bentall, R.P. and Shevlin, M. and McBride, O. and Hartman, T.K. and Hyland, P.},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {1--15},\n}\n\n@article{neumann-bohme_once_2020,\n\ttitle = {Once we have it, will we use it? {A} {European} survey on willingness to be vaccinated against {COVID}-19},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10198-020-01208-6},\n\tdoi = {10.1007\u002Fs10198-020-01208-6},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {The European Journal of Health Economics},\n\tauthor = {Neumann-Böhme, S. and Varghese, N.E. and Sabat, I. and Barros, P.P. and Brouwer, W. and Exel, J. and Stargardt, T.},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {1--6},\n}\n\n@article{palamenghi_mistrust_2020,\n\ttitle = {Mistrust in biomedical research and vaccine hesitancy: the forefront challenge in the battle against {COVID}-19 in {Italy}},\n\tvolume = {35},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10654-020-00675-8},\n\tdoi = {10.1007\u002Fs10654-020-00675-8},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Epidemiology},\n\tauthor = {Palamenghi, L. and Barello, S. and Boccia, S. and Graffigna, G.},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {785--788},\n}\n\n@article{pearce_trouble_2020,\n\ttitle = {Trouble in the trough: how uncertainties were downplayed in the {UK}’s science advice on {Covid}-19},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fs41599-020-00612-w},\n\tdoi = {10.1057\u002Fs41599-020-00612-w},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Humanities and Social Sciences Communications},\n\tauthor = {Pearce, W.},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {1--6},\n}\n\n@article{piltch-loeb_information_2020,\n\ttitle = {From information to intervention: connecting risk communication to individual health behavior and community-level health interventions during the 2016 {Zika} outbreak},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1080\u002F13669877.2020.1819388},\n\tdoi = {10.1080\u002F13669877.2020.1819388},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {7-8},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Risk Research},\n\tauthor = {Piltch-Loeb, R. and Abramson, D.},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {978--993},\n}\n\n@article{plohl_modeling_2021,\n\ttitle = {Modeling compliance with {COVID}-19 prevention guidelines: {The} critical role of trust in science},\n\tvolume = {26},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1080\u002F13548506.2020.1772988},\n\tdoi = {10.1080\u002F13548506.2020.1772988},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Psychology, Health and Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Plohl, N. and Musil, B.},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {1--12},\n}\n\n@article{porzsolt_covid-19_2021,\n\ttitle = {Covid-19 pandemic lessons: uncritical communication of test results can induce more harm than benefit and raises questions on standardized quality criteria for communication and liability},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1080\u002F21642850.2021.1979407?tab=permissions&scroll=top},\n\tdoi = {10.1080\u002F21642850.2021.1979407},\n\tlanguage = {fr},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Porzsolt, F. and Pfuhl, G. and Kaplan, R.M. and Eisemann, M.},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {818--829},\n}\n\n@article{rafkin_when_2021,\n\ttitle = {When guidance changes: {Government} stances and public beliefs},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jpubeco.2020.104319},\n\tdoi = {10.1016\u002Fj.jpubeco.2020.104319},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Public Economics},\n\tauthor = {Rafkin, C. and Shreekumar, A. and Vautrey, P.L.},\n\tyear = {2021},\n}\n\n@article{robertson_predictors_2021,\n\ttitle = {Predictors of {COVID}-19 vaccine hesitancy in the {UK} household longitudinal study},\n\tvolume = {94},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F33713824\u002F},\n\tdoi = {10.1016\u002Fj.bbi.2021.03.008},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Brain, Behavior, and Immunity},\n\tauthor = {Robertson, E. and Reeve, K.S. and Niedzwiedz, C.L. and Moore, J. and Blake, M. and Green, M. and Benzeval, M.J.},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {41--50},\n}\n\n@article{rochwerg_misinformation_2020,\n\ttitle = {Misinformation during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: {How} knowledge emerges from noise},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.lww.com\u002Fccejournal\u002FFulltext\u002F2020\u002F04000\u002FMisinformation_During_the_Coronavirus_Disease_2019.8.aspx},\n\tdoi = {10.1097\u002FCCE.0000000000000098},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Critical Care Explorations},\n\tauthor = {Rochwerg, B. and Parke, R. and Murthy, S. and Fernando, S.M. and Leigh, J.P. and Marshall, J. and Adhikari, N.K.J. and Fiest, K. and Fowler, R. and Lamontagne, F. and Sevransky, J.E.},\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n@article{rutjens_not_2018,\n\ttitle = {Not all skepticism is equal: {Exploring} the ideological antecedents of science acceptance and rejection},\n\tvolume = {44},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F29191107\u002F},\n\tdoi = {10.1177\u002F0146167217741314},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin},\n\tauthor = {Rutjens, B.T. and Sutton, R.M. and Lee, R.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {384--405},\n}\n\n@misc{sallam_covid-19_2021,\n\ttitle = {{COVID}-19 vaccine hesitancy worldwide: a systematic review of vaccine acceptance rates},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medrxiv.org\u002Fcontent\u002F10.1101\u002F2020.12.28.20248950v1},\n\tdoi = {10.3390\u002Fvaccines9020160},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tauthor = {Sallam, M.},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tannote = {medRxiv, 2020-2012.},\n}\n\n@article{schmid_barriers_2017,\n\ttitle = {Barriers of influenza vaccination intention and behavior–a systematic review of influenza vaccine hesitancy, 2005–2016},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0170550},\n\tdoi = {10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0170550},\n\tlanguage = {it},\n\tjournal = {PloS One},\n\tauthor = {Schmid, P. and Rauber, D. and Betsch, C. and Lidolt, G. and Denker, M.L.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n}\n\n@article{sheeran_does_2014,\n\ttitle = {Does heightening risk appraisals change people’s intentions and behavior? {A} meta-analysis of experimental studies},\n\tvolume = {140},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F23731175\u002F},\n\tdoi = {10.1037\u002Fa0033065},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Psychological Bulletin},\n\tauthor = {Sheeran, P. and Harris, P.R. and Epton, T.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {511--543},\n}\n\n@article{troiano_vaccine_2021,\n\ttitle = {Vaccine hesitancy in the era of {COVID}-19},\n\tvolume = {194},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F33965796\u002F},\n\tdoi = {10.1016\u002Fj.puhe.2021.02.025},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Public Health},\n\tauthor = {Troiano, G. and Nardi, A.},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {245--251},\n}\n\n@article{verger_restoring_2020,\n\ttitle = {Restoring confidence in vaccines in the {COVID}-19 era},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F32940574\u002F},\n\tdoi = {10.1080\u002F14760584.2020.1825945},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {11},\n\tjournal = {Expert Review of Vaccines},\n\tauthor = {Verger, P. and Dubé, E.},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {991--993},\n}\n\n@article{viswanath_individual_2021,\n\ttitle = {Individual and social determinants of {COVID}-19 vaccine uptake},\n\tvolume = {21},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fbmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12889-021-10862-1},\n\tdoi = {10.1186\u002Fs12889-021-10862-1},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {BMC Public Health},\n\tauthor = {Viswanath, K. and Bekalu, M. and Dhawan, D. and Pinnamaneni, R. and Lang, J. and McLoud, R.},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {1--10},\n}\n\n@article{yaqub_attitudes_2014,\n\ttitle = {Attitudes to vaccination: a critical review},\n\tvolume = {112},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0277953614002421},\n\tdoi = {10.1016\u002Fj.socscimed.2014.04.018},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tjournal = {Social Science and Medicine},\n\tauthor = {Yaqub, O. and Castle-Clarke, S. and Sevdalis, N. and Chataway, J.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {1--11},\n}\n\n@article{van_der_bles_communicating_2019,\n\ttitle = {Communicating uncertainty about facts, numbers and science},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Froyalsocietypublishing.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1098\u002Frsos.181870},\n\tdoi = {10.1098\u002Frsos.181870},\n\tabstract = {Uncertainty is an inherent part of knowledge, and yet in an era of contested expertise, many shy away from openly communicating their uncertainty about what they know, fearful of their audience's reaction. But what effect does communication of such epistemic uncertainty have? Empirical research is widely scattered across many disciplines. This interdisciplinary review structures and summarizes current practice and research across domains, combining a statistical and psychological perspective. This informs a framework for uncertainty communication in which we identify three objects of uncertainty—facts, numbers and science—and two levels of uncertainty: direct and indirect. An examination of current practices provides a scale of nine expressions of direct uncertainty. We discuss attempts to codify indirect uncertainty in terms of quality of the underlying evidence. We review the limited literature about the effects of communicating epistemic uncertainty on cognition, affect, trust and decision-making. While there is some evidence that communicating epistemic uncertainty does not necessarily affect audiences negatively, impact can vary between individuals and communication formats. Case studies in economic statistics and climate change illustrate our framework in action. We conclude with advice to guide both communicators and future researchers in this important but so far rather neglected field.},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2022-04-30},\n\tjournal = {Royal Society Open Science},\n\tauthor = {van der Bles, Anne Marthe and van der Linden, Sander and Freeman, Alexandra L. J. and Mitchell, James and Galvao, Ana B. and Zaval, Lisa and Spiegelhalter, David J.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Royal Society},\n\tkeywords = {economic statistics, epistemic uncertainty, grade, IPCC, uncertainty communication},\n\tpages = {181870},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\gmarmin.PARIS-IEA\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\JWWETXAH\\\\van der Bles et al. - Communicating uncertainty about facts, numbers and.pdf:application\u002Fpdf},\n}\n\n@techreport{institute_of_global_health_innovation_global_2021,\n\ttitle = {Global attitudes towards a {COVID}-19 vaccine},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fwww.imperial.ac.uk\u002Fmedia\u002Fimperial-college\u002Finstitute-of-global-health-innovation\u002FGlobalVaccineInsights_ICL-YouGov-Covid-19-Behaviour-Tracker_20210520_v2.pdf},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tinstitution = {Institute of Global Health Innovation},\n\tauthor = {Institute of Global Health Innovation},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {22 p.},\n}\n\n@article{rivas_social_2021,\n\ttitle = {Social media exposure, risk perception, preventive behaviors and attitudes during the {COVID}-19 epidemic in {La} {Paz}, {Bolivia}: {A} cross sectional study},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tissn = {1932-6203},\n\tshorttitle = {Social media exposure, risk perception, preventive behaviors and attitudes during the {COVID}-19 epidemic in {La} {Paz}, {Bolivia}},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.plos.org\u002Fplosone\u002Farticle?id=10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0245859},\n\tdoi = {10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0245859},\n\tabstract = {Social media has an important role in diffusion of information, during COVID-19 pandemic it could help to promote preventive behaviors, however its role and the pathway is still unclear. Objective To investigate the association among social media exposure, risk perception, preventive behaviors, and attitudes toward the COVID-19 epidemic in Bolivia. Methods We launched an online survey in La Paz and El Alto, Bolivia, during April and May 2020. The questionnaire examined: Socio-demographic factors, Social media use, Risk Perception, Preventive behaviors, attitudes and the willingness to use a vaccine if it were available in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic. A logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with risk perception and a structural equation model (SEM) was performed to explore the pathway of the relationship among social media exposure, risk perception and preventive behaviors and attitudes. Results Among 886 participants, the most were young adults, between 18–25 years old (73.4\\%) and 577 (65.1\\%) were female. During the the week before the survey 387 (43.7\\%) reported be exposure to social media Covid-19 information almost always or always. Moreover 304 (34.3\\%) were categorized as with a high risk perception. The multivariable analyses show that being female (aOR = 1.5, CI 95\\% 1.1–2.1) and having high exposure to Covid-19 information on social media (aOR = 2.5, CI 95\\% 1.3–5.3) were associated with a higher risk perception for Covid-19. Furthermore, SEM results indicated that risk perception is associated with the adoption of preventive behaviors and attitudes (β = 0.605, p {\\textless} 0.001) including the acceptance of a vaccine if one were available (β = 0.388, p {\\textless} 0.001). Conclusion Social media exposure to COVID-19 information influences the adoption of preventive attitudes and behaviors through shaping risk perception. Understanding the role of social media during the pandemic could help policymakers and communicators to develop better communication strategies that enable the population to adopt appropriate attitudes and behaviors.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2022-05-01},\n\tjournal = {PLOS ONE},\n\tauthor = {Rivas, Diana Reyna Zeballos and Jaldin, Marinalda Lidia Lopez and Canaviri, Blanca Nina and Escalante, Luisa Fabiola Portugal and Fernández, Angela M. C. Alanes and Ticona, Juan Pablo Aguilar},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Public Library of Science},\n\tkeywords = {COVID 19, Hand washing, Influenza, Medical risk factors, Pandemics, Social media, Vaccination and immunization, Vaccines},\n\tpages = {e0245859},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\gmarmin.PARIS-IEA\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\MPPAWKDT\\\\Rivas et al. - 2021 - Social media exposure, risk perception, preventive.pdf:application\u002Fpdf;Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\gmarmin.PARIS-IEA\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\Q5KA5999\\\\article.html:text\u002Fhtml},\n}\n\n@article{betsch_using_2015,\n\ttitle = {Using {Behavioral} {Insights} to {Increase} {Vaccination} {Policy} {Effectiveness}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tissn = {2372-7322},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F2372732215600716},\n\tdoi = {10.1177\u002F2372732215600716},\n\tabstract = {Even though there are policies in place, and safe and effective vaccines available, almost every country struggles with vaccine hesitancy, that is, a delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccination. Consequently, it is important to understand the determinants of individual vaccination decisions to establish effective strategies to support the success of country-specific public health policies. Vaccine refusal can result from complacency, inconvenience, a lack of confidence, and a rational calculation of pros and cons. Interventions should, therefore, be carefully targeted to focus on the reason for non-vaccination. We suggest that there are several interventions that may be effective for complacent, convenient, and calculating individuals whereas interventions that might be effective for those who lack confidence are scarce. Thus, efforts should be concentrated on motivating the complacent, removing barriers for those for whom vaccination is inconvenient, and adding incentives and additional utility for the calculating. These strategies might be more promising, economic, and effective than convincing those who lack confidence in vaccination.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2022-05-30},\n\tjournal = {Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Betsch, Cornelia and Böhm, Robert and Chapman, Gretchen B.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications},\n\tkeywords = {anti-vaccination, behavioral insights, tailoring, targeting, vaccination, vaccine hesitancy},\n\tpages = {61--73},\n}\n\n@techreport{collis_global_2022,\n\ttitle = {Global survey on {COVID}-19 beliefs, behaviors, and norms : {MIT} {COVID}-19 {Survey}},\n\turl = {https:\u002F\u002Fcovidsurvey.mit.edu\u002F},\n\turldate = {2022-05-30},\n\tinstitution = {MIT Sloan School of Management},\n\tauthor = {Collis, Avinash and Garimella, Kiran and Moehring, Alex and Rahimian, M. Amin and Babalola, Stella and Gobat, Nina and Shattuck, Dominick and Stolow, Jeni and Aral, Sinan and Eckles, Dean},\n\tyear = {2022},\n}\n","@biblatex\u002Fentries+list","@csl\u002Flist+object",0,"p","; ","article-journal","en",false,"em","M.",2021,1,2020,"true",-1,"icon","icon-link","1","G.","J.","S.","A.","N.","K.",2,").",2022,"P.","R.","Kelly et al., 2021",3,"h3","2","D.","h2","bb-kelly_predictors_2021","#!bb-kelly_predictors_2021","book","C.","EN","Lazarus et al., 2021","MacDonald, 2015","Palamenghi et al., 2020",5,"Pfuhl","S.B.","fr","Vaccine",2014,"M.J.",2015,"E.","T.","R.M.","Mills et al., 2020","Murphy et al., 2021","Neumann-Böhme et al., 2020","Plohl & Musil, 2021","Robertson et al., 2021","bb-macdonald_vaccine_2015","#!bb-macdonald_vaccine_2015","bb-lazarus_global_2021","#!bb-lazarus_global_2021","bb-palamenghi_mistrust_2020","#!bb-palamenghi_mistrust_2020","Omer","Attwell et al., 2018","A.A.","Biswas et al., 2021","Brewer et al., 2007","Fridman et al., 2021","J.E.","Malik et al., 2020","F.","Sheeran et al., 2014","Troiano & Nardi, 2021","Verger & Dubé, 2020","Viswanath et al., 2021","Yaqub et al., 2014",30,"bb-robertson_predictors_2021","#!bb-robertson_predictors_2021","bb-mills_covid-19_2020","#!bb-mills_covid-19_2020","bb-plohl_modeling_2021","#!bb-plohl_modeling_2021","bb-murphy_psychological_2021","#!bb-murphy_psychological_2021","bb-neumann-bohme_once_2020","#!bb-neumann-bohme_once_2020","https:\u002F\u002Fcovidsurvey.mit.edu","strong","img",15,16,"FP2_Kothari","David","content\u002Fissues\u002FWPRN21 Papers.md","English","Schieferdecker","Free University Berlin, Germany","root",".md","2024-10-21T07:41:41.446Z","A.B.","R.A.","K.J.","amin_association_2017","12",2017,"Amin et al., 2017","A.M.","arce_covid-19_2021","Arce et al., 2021","P.L.","attwell_recent_2018",2018,"Shah","Z.","biswas_scoping_2021","Chapman","brewer_meta-analysis_2007",2007,"26","britt_perceived_2014","Britt et al., 2014","browne_going_2015","Browne et al., 2015","I.","chor_seasonal_2011","Chor et al., 2011","coe_use_2012","Coe et al., 2012","dror_vaccine_2020","8","35","Dror et al., 2020","PloS One","fridman_covid-19_2021","it","hao_coronavirus_2020","Hao & Basu, 2020","horne_countering_2015","33","112","Horne et al., 2015","MacDonald","kelly_predictors_2021","21","Public Health","kohlhammer_determinants_2007","Kohlhammer et al., 2007","lahlou_ccaq_2020","H.J.","Larson","larson_understanding_2014","19","Larson et al., 2014","lazarus_global_2021","N.E.","macdonald_vaccine_2015","S.M.","malik_determinants_2020","Royal Society Open Science","Mækelæ","Reggev","Dutra","Tamayo","Klevjer","maekelae_perceived_2020","Mækelæ et al., 2020","R.P.","maekelae_identifying_2021","Mækelæ et al., 2021","mills_covid-19_2020","mcguire_beating_2020","4","23","McGuire et al., 2020","O.","murphy_psychological_2021","W.","neumann-bohme_once_2020","1-6","palamenghi_mistrust_2020","pearce_trouble_2020","Pearce, 2020","piltch-loeb_information_2020","Piltch-Loeb & Abramson, 2020","B.","plohl_modeling_2021","porzsolt_covid-19_2021","Porzsolt et al., 2021","rafkin_when_2021","Rafkin et al., 2021","robertson_predictors_2021","rochwerg_misinformation_2020","rutjens_not_2018","Rutjens et al., 2018","sallam_covid-19_2021","Sallam, 2021","Betsch","schmid_barriers_2017","Schmid et al., 2017","sheeran_does_2014","troiano_vaccine_2021","verger_restoring_2020","viswanath_individual_2021","yaqub_attitudes_2014","van der","van_der_bles_communicating_2019","van der Bles et al., 2019","report","techreport","institute_of_global_health_innovation_global_2021","of Global Health Innovation, 2021","rivas_social_2021","Rivas et al., 2021","betsch_using_2015",10,"Betsch et al., 2015","collis_global_2022","Collis et al., 2022","1-introduction","1. 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